The Interrelationship between Thermodynamics and Energetics: The True Sense of Equilibrium Thermodynamics

Authors

  • Evgeni B. Starikov Chalmers University of Technology

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-5030.2015.04.01.3

Keywords:

Thermodynamics, Energetics, Enthalpy, Entropy, Statistical Mechanics.

Abstract

The interrelationship between the conventional thermodynamics and energetics has been discussed in detail. A number of flavors has been considered in the field of energetics, with the conclusion that the actual difference among all of them is rather superficial. A need to reconsider the foundations of thermodynamics and statistical physics has been pointed out. Such a re-consideration ought to facilitate formulating thermodynamics at any level of matter organization: from the microscopic through nano- and mesoscopic to the macroscopic one.

Author Biography

Evgeni B. Starikov, Chalmers University of Technology

Chemical and Biological Engineering

References

Helm GF. Die Energetik in ihrer geschichtlichen Entwickelung, Verlag von Veit & Comp., Leipzig, Germany 1898. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9783112681121

Reiser OL. Probability, Natural Law, and Emergence: I. Probability and Purpose. J Phil 1926; 23(16): 421-435. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2014822 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2014822

Lieut.-Col. Richard de Villamil. Rational mechanics, E & F N. Spon, Ltd., London and New York 1928.

Odum HT, Pinkerton RT. Time's Speed Regulator. Am Sci 1955; 43(2): 331-343.

Hertz H. Principles of Mechanics, Dover, New York, USA 1956.

Tribus M. Thermostatics and Thermodynamics, Van Nostrand, University Series in Basic Engineering, especially 1961; pp. 619-22.

Lehninger A. Bioenergetics, W. A. Benjamin, Inc 1973.

Angrist SW, Hepler LG. Order and Chaos: Laws of Energy and Entropy, Penguin, Australia 1973.

Partington JR. A Short History of Chemistry, Dover, New York, USA 1989.

Odum HT. Ecological and General Systems: An Introduction to Systems Ecology, Colorado University Press, USA 1994.

Odum HT. An Energy Hierarchy Law for Biogeochemical Cycles, in: Energy Synthesis: Theory and Applications of the Energy Methodology, in: Proc. of the First Biennial Energy Analysis Research Conference, Brown, M. T. (ed.), Centre for Environmental Policy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA 2000.

Giampietro M, Mayumi K, Sorman A. The Energetics of Modern Societies, Springer, Heidelberg, Germany 2011.

Datta S. Lessons from Nanoelectronics: A New Perspective on Transport, World Scientific, New Jersey, London, Singapore, Beijing, Shanghai, Hong Kong, Taipei, Chennai 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/8029 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1142/8029

Lundstrom M, Yeong CW, Kim R. Non-Equilibrium Transport: Fundamentals and Applications, World Scientific, New Jersey, London, Singapore, Beijing, Shanghai, Hong Kong, Taipei, Chennai 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/7975 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1142/7975

Fisher TS. Thermal Energy at the Nanoscale, World Scientific, New Jersey, London, Singapore, Beijing, Shanghai, Hong Kong, Taipei, Chennai 2014.

Kline SJ. The Low-Down on Entropy and Interpretive Thermodynamics, DCW Industries Inc., La Canada, CA, USA 1999.

Paul HJ, Meijer Ed. Views of a Physicist: Selected Papers of N. G. van Kampen, World Scientific, New Jersey, London, Singapore, Beijing, Shanghai, Hong Kong, Taipei, Chennai – Especially 2000; pp. 57-120.

Starikov EB. What Nicolas Leonard Sadi Carnot wanted to tell us in fact. La Pensee Journal 2014; 76(6): 171-214.

Helm GF. Die Elemente der Mechanik und mathematischen Physik, Verlag von B. G. Teubner, Leipzig, Germany 1884.

Helm GF. Die Lehre von der Energie historisch-kritisch entwickelt. Nebst Beiträgen zu einer allgemeinen Energetik, Verlag von Arthur Felix, Leipzig, Germany 1887.

Helm GF. Grundzüge der mathematischen Chemie. Energetik der chemischen Erscheinungen, Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, Germany 1894.

Helm GF. The Principles of Mathematical Chemistry The Energetics of Chemical Phenomena, Wiley & Sons, NY, USA, Chapman & Hill, London, UK 1897. The Interrelationship between Thermodynamics and Energetics Journal of Applied Solution Chemistry and Modeling, 2015, Volume 4, No. 1 43

Helm GF. Theorien der Elektrodynamik nach ihrer geschichtlichen Entwickelung, Verlag von Veit & Comp., Leipzig, Germany 1904. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9783112375624

Helm GF. Die Grundlagen der höheren Mathematik. Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft, Leipzig, Germany 1910.

Ostwald W. Lehrbuch der allgemeinen Chemie, Band II. Verwandschaftslehre, Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, Germany 1887.

Ostwald W. Grundriss der allgemeinen Chemie, Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, Germany 1899.

Mach E. Abhandlungen, E. J. Bonset, Amsterdam, The Netherlands 1969.

Mach E. Die Prinzipien der Wärmelehre, historisch-kritisch entwickelt, Verlag von Ambrosius Barth, Leipzig, Germany 1896.

Ruthenberg K. Frantiek Wald (1861-1930), in: Philosophy of Chemistry, Andrea I. Woody, Robert Findlay Hendry, Paul Needham, Eds., Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands 2012; pp. 125-131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-51675-6.50011-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-51675-6.50011-6

Gibbs JW. The Scientific Papers in Two Volumes. Volume I. Thermodynamics, Longmans, Green, and Co., London, New York, Bombay 1906.

Gibbs JW. Elementary Principles in Statistical Mechanics Developed with Especial Reference to Rational Foundation of Thermodynamics, Charles Scribner’s Sons, New York, USA; Edwin Arnold, London, G. B. 1902. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.32624

Duhem P. Le potentiel thermodynamique et ses applications à la mécanique chimique et à l'étude des phénomènes électriques, A. Hermann, Paris, France 1886.

Keenan JH. Thermodynamics. The MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass., USA and London, G. B. 1941.

Gibbs JW. A Method of Geometrical Representation of the Thermodynamic Properties of Substances by Means of Surfaces, Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences 1873, pp. 382-404 (quotation on p. 400).

Greiner W, Neise L, Stöcker H, Rischke D. Thermodynamics and statistical mechanics, Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, Germany; see in particular 1995; p. 101. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0827-3

Horstmann AF. Über die Anwendung des zweiten Hauptsatzes der mechanischen Wärmetheorie auf chemische Erscheinungen. Ber Deutsch Chem Ges 1871; 4: 847-849. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.187100402102 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/cber.187100402102

Horstmann AF. Über den zweiten Hauptsatz der mechanischen Wärmetheorie und dessen Anwendung auf einige Zersetzungserscheinungen, Justus Liebigs Ann Chem Pharmac Suppl 1872; 8: 112-132.

Horstmann AF. Theorie der Dissoziation, Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem Pharmac 1873; 170: 192-210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.18731700118 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jlac.18731700118

Horstmann AF, Landolt H, Winkelmann A. Graham-Ottos ausführliches Lehrbuch der Chemie. Erster Band in drei Abteilungen. Physikalische und theoretische Chemie. Erste Abteilung, Druck und Verlag von Friedrich Vieweg und Sohn, Braunschweig, Germany 1885.

Gibbs JW. On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances, Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences 1875-1878; pp. 108-248, Oct. 1875-May, 1876, pp. 343-524, May, 1877 – July, 1878.

Ostwald W. Zur Energetik. Ann Phys 1896; 294: 154-167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/andp.18962940509 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/andp.18962940509

Foley DK. A Statistical Equilibrium Theory of Markets. J Econ Theor 1994; 62: 321-345. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jeth.1994.1018 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1006/jeth.1994.1018

Duffie D, Sonnenschein H. Arrow and General Equilibrium Theory. J Econ Liter 1989; 27: 565-598.

Smith E, Foley DK. Classical Thermodynamics and Economic General Equilibrium Theory. J Econ Dyn Contr 2008; 32: 7-65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jedc.2007.01.020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jedc.2007.01.020

Foley DK. What’s Wrong With the Fundamental Existence and Welfare Theorems. J Econ Behav Organiz 2010; 75: 115-131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2010.03.023 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2010.03.023

Alfarano S, Milakovic M, Irle A, Kauschke J. A Statistical Equilibrium Model of Competitive Firms. J Econ Dyn Contr 2012; 36: 136-149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jedc.2011.07.002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jedc.2011.07.002

Arrow KJ, Hahn FH. General Competitive Analysis, Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam, New York, Oxford, Tokyo 1991.

Lavenda BH. Statistical Physics: A Probabilistic Approach, Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, Toronto, Rio de Janeiro, Oxford, Weinheim, Singapore 1991.

Alder BJ, Wainwright TE. Studies in Molecular Dynamics. I. General Method. J Chem Phys 1959; 31: 459-466. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1730376 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1730376

Allen MP, Tildesley DJ. Computer simulation of liquids, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK 1989. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2810937

Frenkel D, Smit B. Understanding Molecular Simulation: From Algorithms to Applications, Academic Press, New York, London, Fribourg 2002.

Rapaport DC. The Art of Molecular Dynamics Simulation, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo, Delhi, Mexico City 1996.

Griebel M, Caglar A, Knapek S. Numerische Simulation in der Moleküldynamik: Numerik, Algorithmen, Parallelisierung, Anwendungen, Springer, Heidelberg, Berlin, Germany 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18779-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18779-7

Haile JM. Molecular Dynamics Simulation: Elementary Methods, Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, Toronto, Rio de Janeiro, Oxford, Weinheim, Singapore 2001.

Sadus RJ. Molecular Simulation of Fluids: Theory, Algorithms and Object-Orientation, Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam, New York, Oxford, Tokyo 2002.

Schlick T, Molecular Modeling and Simulation, Springer, Heidelberg, Berlin, Germany 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-22464-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-22464-0

Leach A. Molecular Modeling: Principles and Applications, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA 2001.

Evans DJ, Morriss GP. Statistical Mechanics of Nonequilibrium Liquids, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo, Delhi, Mexico City 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511535307 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511535307

Hoover WG. Computational Statistical Mechanics, Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam, New York, Oxford, Tokyo 1991.

McCammon JA, Harvey SC. Dynamics of Proteins and Nucleic Acids. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo, Delhi, Mexico City 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139167864 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139167864

Becker OM, Mackerell AD Jr., Roux B, Watanabe M. Computational Biochemistry and Biophysics, Marcel Dekker, Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203903827 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1201/9780203903827

Lieut.-Col. Richard de Villamil. ABC of Hydrodynamics, E & F N. Spon, Ltd., London and New York 1912.

Lieut.-Col. Richard de Villamil. The Laws of Avanzini: Laws of planes moving at an angle in air and water, E & F N. Spon, Ltd., London and New York 1912. 44 Journal of Applied Solution Chemistry and Modeling, 2015, Volume 4, No. 1 Evgeni B. Starikov

Lieut.-Col. Richard de Villamil. Motions of Liquids, E & F N. Spon, Ltd., London and New York 1914.

Lieut.-Col. Richard de Villamil Resistance of Air, E & F N. Spon, Ltd., London and New York 1917.

Lieut.-Col. Richard de Villamil. Soaring flight: a simple mechanical solution of the problem, University of Michigan Library, USA 1920.

Lieut.-Col. Richard de Villamil Newton: the Man, Gordon D. Knox, London, U. K. [Foreword by Professor Albert Einstein] [With “Catalogue of the Library of Dr. James Musgrave ... amongst which are included the books in Newton’s Library,” and “Supplementary List of Sir Isaac Newton’s Books.”] 1931.

Smith GE. Was Wrong Newton Bad Newton? In: Wrong for the Right Reasons, Archimedes, J. Z. Buchwald, A. Franklin, Eds., Springer, Dordrecht, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York 2005; vol. 11: pp. 129-160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3048-7_7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3048-7_7

Berthelot D. La physique et la métaphysique des théories d'Einstein, Payot et Cie, Paris, France 1922.

Berthelot D. La science et la vie moderne, Payot et Cie, Paris, France 1924.

Berthelot D. La doctrine de la relativité et les théories d'Einstein, Société des ingénieurs civile de France, Paris, France 1925.

http://www.christies.com/lotfinder/LotDetailsPrintable.aspx?in tObject.ID=4609886

Wisniak J. Daniel Berthelot. Part. I. Contribution to Thermodynamics. Educ Quim 2010; 21: 155-162. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0187-893X(18)30166-6

Wisniak J. Daniel Berthelot. Part. II. Contribution to Electrolytic Solutions. Educ Quim 2010; 21: 238-245. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0187-893X(18)30089-2

Wisniak J. Daniel Berthelot. Part. III. Contribution to Photochemistry. Educ Quim 2010; 21: 314-323. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0187-893X(18)30101-0

Pais A. ‘Subtle is the Lord’, The Science and Life of Albert Einstein, Oxford University Press, Oxford, New York, Toronto, Melbourne 1982.

Crelinsten J. Einstein’s Jury. The Race to Test Relativity, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, USA; Oxford, UK 2006. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400849673

Moatti A. Einstein, un siècle contre lui, Editions Odile Jacob, Paris, France 2007.

Johnson MC. Time, knowledge and the Nebulae: an introduction to the meanings of time in physics, astronomy, and philosophy, and the relativities of Einstein and of Milne, Faber & Faber, London, UK 1945.

Milne EA. Modern Cosmology and the Christian Idea of God, Clarendon Press, Oxford, UK 1952.

Oka K. Collected Papers, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Tokyo 1984. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15083-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15083-8

http://www.okakiyoshi-ken.jp

Bergson H. Durée et simultanéité: à propos de la théorie d'Einstein, Les Presses universitaires de France 1968.

Bergson H. La pensée et le mouvant, Paris, Les Presses universitaires de France 1969.

Bergson H. L'évolution créatrice, Paris, Les Presses universitaires de France 1959.

Weinstein MB. Die Physik der bewegten Materie und die Relativitätstheorie, Verlag von Johann Ambrosius Barth, Leipzig, Germany 1913.

Weinstein MB. Die Relativitätslehre und die Anschauung von der Welt. Himmel und Erde 1914; 26: 1-14.

Brown WB. The Thermodynamics of Steady ConductionDiffusion-Reaction States of Multicomponent Fluid Systems. Trans Faraday Soc 1958; 54: 772. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/tf9585400772 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/tf9585400772

Davies RO. The Macroscopic Theory of Irreversibility. Repts Progr Phys 1956; 19: 326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0034-4885/19/1/309 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/0034-4885/19/1/309

de Groot SR. Thermodynamics of Irreversible Processes, North-Holland Publishing Company, Amsterdam, The Netherlands 1952.

Denbigh KG. The Thermodynamics of the Steady State, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, USA 1951.

Kirkwood JG, Crawford Jr. The Macroscopic Equations of Transport. J Phys Chem 1952; 56: 1048. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/j150501a005

Leaf B. Phenomenological Theory of Transport Processes in Fluid. Phys Rev 1946; 70: 748. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.70.748

Meixner J, Reik HG. Thermodynamik der irreversiblen Prozesse, in: Handbuch der Physik, S. Flügge, Ed., Springer Verlag, Berlin, Germany 1959; vol. III/2: pp. 413-523,. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-45912-2_4

Miller DG. Thermodynamics of Irreversible Processes. Chem Rev 1960; 60: 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cr60203a003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/cr60203a003

Fitts DD. Non-equilibrium Thermodynamics, McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., New York, San Francisco, Toronto, London 1962.

Katchalsky A, Curran PF. Non-equilibrium Thermodynamics in Biophysics, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass., USA 1965. http://dx.doi.org/10.4159/harvard.9780674494121 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4159/harvard.9780674494121

Westerhoff HV. Mosaic Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics and (the Control of) Biological Free-Energy Transduction, Drukkerij Gerja, Waarland, The Netherlands 1983.

Westerhoff HV, van Dam K. Thermodynamics and Control of Biological Free-Energy Transduction, Elsevier, Amsterdam, New York, Oxford 1987.

Abarbanel HDI, Rabinovich MI, Sushchik MM. Introduction to Nonlinear Dynamics for Physicists, World Scientific, Singapore, New Jersey, London, Hong Kong 1993. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1142/9789812799005

Maruani J. Obituary: Ilya Prigogine (1917–2003). Int J Quant Chem 2004; 99: 183-184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qua.20059 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/qua.20059

A Special Volume to the Memory of Ilya Prigogine. Adv Chem Phys 2007; 135.

Prigogine I. (Prigoschin), Essai de philosophie physique (Essay of physical philosophy). Cahiers du Libre Examen 1937; 1(1): 19.

Prigogine I. (Prigoschin), Le problème du déterminisme (The problem of determinism). Cahiers du Libre Examen 1937; 1(3): 15-17.

Bolle H, et aI. Prigogine (Prigoschin), L’évolution. Cahiers du Libre Examen 1937; 2(6): 17-18.

Prigogine I, Wiame JM. Biologie et thermodynamique des phénomènes irréversibles. Experientia 1946; 2: 451-453. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02153597 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02153597

Prigogine I, Defay R. Thermodynamique chimique confermément aux méthodes de Gibbs et De Donder, Les trois tomes, Éditions Desoer, Liège, Belgium 1946.

Prigogine I. Étude Thermodynamique des Phénomènes Irréversibles, Éditions Desoer, Liège, Belgium 1947.

Prigogine I. Le rendement thermodynamique de la thermodiffusion. Physica 1947; 13: 319-320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-8914(47)90003-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-8914(47)90003-7

Prigogine I. Le domaine de validité de la thermodynamique des phénomènes irréversibles. Physica 1949; 15: 272-284. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-8914(49)90056-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-8914(49)90056-7

Prigogine I, Mazur P. Sur l'extension de la thermodynamique aux phénomènes irreversibles liés aux degrés de liberté internes. Physica 1953; 19: 241-254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0031-8914(53)80026-1 The Interrelationship between Thermodynamics and Energetics Journal of Applied Solution Chemistry and Modeling, 2015, Volume 4, No. 1 45 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-8914(53)80026-1

de Groot SR, Mazur P, Tolhoek HA. Thermodynamics of irreversible electrochemical phenomena. Physica 1953; 19: 549-554. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0031-8914(53)80060-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-8914(53)80060-1

Prigogine I. Introduction to Thermodynamics of Irreversible Processes, Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, USA 1955.

Milne EA. Relativity, Gravitation and the World-Structure, Oxford University Press, London, Edinburgh, Glasgow, New York, Toronto, Melbourne, Capetown, Bombay, Calcutta, Madras, Shanghai 1935.

Milne EA. Cosmological Theories. Astrophys J 1940; 90: 129-158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/144154 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/144154

Starikov EB. ‘Entropy is anthropomorphic’: does this lead to interpretational devalorisation of entropy-enthalpy compensation? Monatsh Chem 2013; 144: 97-102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00706-012-0837-y DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00706-012-0837-y

Prigogine I. The Rediscovery of Time. Zygon 1984; 19: 433- 447. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9744.1984.tb00940.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9744.1984.tb00940.x

Russell RJ. Entropy and Evil. Zygon 1984; 19: 449-468. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9744.1984.tb00941.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9744.1984.tb00941.x

Batterman RW. Randomness and Probability in Dynamical Theories: On the Proposals of the Prigogine School. Phil Sci 1991; 58: 241-263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/289614 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/289614

Bricmont J. Science of Chaos or Chaos in Science? Ann NY Acad Sci 1995; 775: 131-175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb23135.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb23135.x

Massey D. Space-Time, ‘Science’ and the Relationship Between Physical Geography and Human Geography. Trans Inst Br Geogr NS 1999; 24: 261-276. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0020-2754.1999.00261.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0020-2754.1999.00261.x

Crofts AR. Life, Information, Entropy and Time. Complexity 2007; 13: 14-50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cplx.20180 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/cplx.20180

Lupichev LN, Savin AN, Kadantsev VN. Synergetics of Molecular Systems, Springer International Publishing, Switzerland 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08195-3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08195-3

Cederberg IW. Die thermodynamische Berechnung chemischer Affinitäten von homogenen und heterogenen Gasreaktionen, Kommissionsverlag von R. Friedländer & Sohn, Berlin, Germany 1916.

van Lergberghe G. L’affinité spécifique en fonction des fugacités C. R. Acad Sci Paris 1925; 180: 851-853.

van Lergberghe G. Calcul des fugacités d’une solution, Bull. Acad. Roy. de Belgique, ne Série, Tome 1928; XIX: 349-355.

Schouls G. Étude de l’azéotropisme dynamique, Bull. Acad. Roy. de Belgique, 5e Série, Tome 1931; XVII: 47-59.

van Lerberghe G, Glansdorff P. Calcul de l’entropie et de l’enthalpie des gaz humides Bull Acad Roy de Belgique 5e Série, Tome 1931; XVII: 60-72.

Defay R. Étude thermodynamique de la Tension superficielle. Affinité et vitesse d’adsorption. Bull Acad Roy Belgique 5e Série Tome 1931; XVII: 73-89.

van Rysselberghe P. On the Exact Significance of the Thermodynamic Quantities F and F0. Chem Rev 1935; 16: 29-35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cr60053a002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/cr60053a002

van Rysselberghe P. The Fundamentals of Chemical Thermodynamics. Chem Rev 1935; 16: 37-51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cr60053a003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/cr60053a003

de Donder T. L’affinité, (rédaction nouvelle par Pierre van Rysselberghe), Gauthier-Villars & Cie, Paris, France 1936.

de Donder T. Théorie nouvelle de la méchanique statistique, Gauthier-Villars & Cie, Paris, France 1938.

Schouls G. Applications de la méchanique statistique générale, Gauthier-Villars & Cie, Paris, France 1938.

Géhéniau J. Méchanique ondulatoire de l’électron et du photon, Gauthier-Villars & Cie, Paris, France 1938.

de Donder T. L'Énergétique déduite de la mécanique statistique générale, Gauthier-Villars & Cie, Paris, France 1939.

Timmermans J. Les Solutions Concentrées. Théorie et applications aux mélanges binaires de composés organiques, Masson & Cie, Paris, France 1936.

Timmermans J, Lafontaine IN, Philippe R. Nouvelles recherches sur les constantes physico-chimiques des systèmes binaires dans les solutions concentrées, Mém. Acad. Roy. de Belgique, Classe des Sciences, Tome XXXVII, Fascicule 7 et dernier 1967.

van Lerberghe G, Glansdorff P. Thermodynamique des gaz humides, Librairie polytechnique Ch. Beranger, Paris et Liège 1936.

van Lerberghe G, Glansdorff P. Contribution à la thermodynamique des systèmes ouverts. Bull Acad Roy de Belgique, 5e Série, Tome 1936; XXII: 484-497.

Walden P. Die Lösungstheorien in ihrer geschichtlichen Aufeinanderfolge, Verlag von Ferdinand Enke, Stuttgart, Germany 1910.

Partington JR. A text-book of thermodynamics (with special reference to chemistry), Van Nostrand Co., New York, USA 1913.

Dodge BF. Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, USA, London, UK 1944.

Getman FH, Daniels F. Outlines of Theoretical Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, USA; Chapman & Hall, Limited, London, UK 1937.

Treatise on Physical Chemistry, Volume 1, Atomistics and Thermodynamics, Hugh S. Taylor, Samuel Glasstone, Eds. D. van Nostrand Company Inc., New York, USA 1947.

Nernst W. Die theoretischen und experimentellen Grundlagen des neuen Wärmesatzes, Verlag von Wilhelm Knapp, Halle (Saale), Germany 1918.

van Laar JJ. Die Thermodynamik in der Chemie, S. L. van Looy, H. Gerlings, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, Germany 1893.

van Laar JJ. Sechs Vorträge über das thermodynamische Potential und seine Anwendungen auf chemische und physikalische Gleichgewichtsprobleme, Friedrich Vieweg und Sohn, Braunschweig, Germany 1906.

Kipnis A. August Friedrich Horstmann und die physikalische Chemie, ERS-Verlag, Berlin, Germany 1996.

Isaak Ruvimovi

(I. R.) Kri

evskij, ¬'# ' "¬ & # ! ¬ (The concepts and foundations of thermodynamics), Himija, Moscow, USSR 1970.

Isaak Ruvimovi

(I. R.) Kri

evskij, ! ¬ ! # % " $ " ¬ %¬ ! ¬¬&$ ! "# ! (Thermodynamics of critical infinitely dilute solutions), Himija, Moscow, USSR 1975.

! % " , #!'¬

, (I. R. Kri

evskij, I. V. Petrjanov,) ! ¬ ' " $ (Thermodynamics for everybody), Pedagogika, Moscow, USSR 1975.

Duhem P. Traité d’énergetique ou de thermodynamique générale, Tome I. Conservation de l’énergie. Méchanique rationelle. Statique générale. Déplacement de l’équilibre, Gauthier-Villars, Paris, France 1911.

Berthelot D. Les effets chimiques des rayons ultra-violets. Rev Gén Sci France 30. août 1911, 322-332.

Berthelot D. Les rayons ultra-violets et leurs applications pratiques, Mem. Soc. Ing. Civils France, Décembre 1911; pp. 859-952. 46 Journal of Applied Solution Chemistry and Modeling, 2015, Volume 4, No. 1 Evgeni B. Starikov

Bouasse H. Cours de thermodynamique. Première partie. Principes généraux gaz et vapeurs, Librairie Ch. Delagrave, Paris, France 1913.

Michaud F. Contribution à l’étude des mélanges. Thèse presentée à la faculté des sciences de Paris pour obtenir le grade ès sciences physiques, Gauthier-Villars, Paris, France 1916.

Michaud F. Énergétique générale, Gauthier-Villars, Paris, France 1921.

Leduc A. Thermodynamique énergétique, théorie cinetique des gaz, Éditeur Gaston Doin, Paris, France 1924.

Berthelot D. L’aspect chimique de la théorie des quanta et la thermodynamique des réactions photochimiques, Bull. Soc. Chim. France, 4e sér., Tome 1924; XXXV: pp. 211-302.

Bourion F. Thermochimie, Éditeur Gaston Doin, Paris, France 1924.

Urbain G. L’énergétique des réactions chimiques, Éditeur Gaston Doin, Paris, France 1925.

Michaud F. Science et morale, Presses universitaires de France, Paris, France 1941.

Michaud F. Valeur et limites des analogies énergétiques. J Chim Phys Phis-Chim Biol 1942; 39: 11-34. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/jcp/1942390011

Dodé M. Sur la définition classique de l’entropie et sur l’énoncé du principe de Carnot-Clausius, Mémorial des services chimiques de l’état, Tome Trente et Un, 1944; pp. 7- 28.

Michaud F. Physique générale élementaire, Vuibert, Paris, France 1950.

Dodé M. Bases fondamentales et applications de la thermodynamique chimique, Societe d’édition d’enseignement supérieur, Paris, France 1956.

Dodé M. Le deuxième principe de la thermodynamique, Societe d’édition d’enseignement supérieur, Paris, France 1965.

Dodé M. Introduction à la méchanique statistique, Hermann, Paris, France 1979.

Brönsted JN. Acid and Basic Catalysis. Chem Rev 1928; 5: 231-338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cr60019a001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/cr60019a001

Brönsted JN. Über Acidität und Ionen-Potentiale. Z Phys Chem A 1929; 142: 301-312. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/zpch-1929-14326

Brønsted JN. On the Definition of the Gibbs Potential, Kgl. Danske Videnskab. Selskab Medd 1933; 12(6).

Brønsted JN. Om relationen mellem varme og arbejde, Kgl. Danske Videnskab. Selskab Medd 1937; 15(4).

Brønsted JN. De thermodynamiske hovedsætningers grundlag og formulering, Kgl. Danske Videnskab. Selskab Medd 1939; 16(10).

Brønsted JN. The Fundamental Principles of Energetics. Phil Mag VII 1940; 29: 449-470. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14786444008520665

Brønsted JN. The Derivation of the Equilibrium Conditions in Physical Chemistry on the Basis of the Work Principle. J Phys Chem 1940; 44: 699-712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j150402a002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/j150402a002

Brønsted JN. On the Concept of Heat,, Kgl. Danske Videnskab. Selskab Medd 1941; 19(8).

Brønsted JN. Energitransformationen og den klassiske Thermodynamik. Fysisk Tidsskrift 1945; 43: 133-154.

Brønsted JN. Om Grundlaget for Energetiken. Fysisk Tidsskrift 1945; 43: 155-188.

Brønsted JN. Principer og problemer i energetiken, Bianco Lunos Bogtrykkeri, Copenhagen, Denmark 1946.

Brønsted JN. Principles and Problems in Energetics, Interscience Publishers, New York, London 1955.

MacDougall FH. Brønsted's Criticism of Classical Thermodynamics. J Phys Chem 1944; 44: 713-715. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j150402a003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/j150402a003

Højgaard Jensen H, Krüger E. Om Grundlaget for Varmeteorien. Fysisk Tidsskrift 1945; 43: 20-56.

MacDougall FH. Thermodynamics and Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons, NewYork; Chapman & Hall, London 1921.

Rosenberg T. Om Formulering af Varmeteoriens Grundlag. Fysisk Tidsskrift 1943; 41: 1-15.

Rosenberg T. (), On Accumulation and Active Transport in Biological Systems I. Thermodynamic Considerations Acta Chem Scand 1948; 2: 14-33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3891/acta.chem.scand.02-0014 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3891/acta.chem.scand.02-0014

Holtan H Jr. Tradisjonell termodynamikk og Brønsteds energetikk, Tidsskrift for kjemi. bergvesen og metallurgi 1948; 8: 124-129.

La Mer VK, Foss O, Reiss H. Some New Procedures in Thermodynamic Theory Inspired by the Recent Work of J. N. Brønsted. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1949; 51: 605-626. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1949.tb27295.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1949.tb27295.x

La Mer VK. Some Current Misconceptions of N. L. Sadi Carnot's Memoir and Cycle. Science 1949; 109: 598. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.109.2841.598 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.109.2841.598

Holtan H Jr. On the Energetic Treatment of Non?Isothermal Processes. The Principle of Thermal Interaction. J Chem Phys 1951; 19: 519-525. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1748284 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1748284

Spiegler KS. Principles of Energetics, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Tokyo 1983. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-95434-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-95434-4

Luder WF. Entropy and free energy. J Chem Educ 1944; 21: 265-268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed021p265 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/ed021p265

Luder WF. The second law and the Carnot cycle. J Chem Educ 1944; 21: 600-601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed021p600 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/ed021p600

Luder WF. The semantics of thermodynamics. J Chem Educ 1946; 23: 54-59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed023p54 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/ed023p54

Luder WF. Time and thermodynamics. J Chem Educ 1948; 25: 298. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed025p298.4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/ed025p298.4

Luder WF. A Different Approach to Thermodynamics, Chapman-Reinhold, New York, Amsterdam, London 1967. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2426766

Morris KB. Principles of Chemical Equilibrium, ChapmanReinhold, New York, Amsterdam, London 1969.

Keenan JH. Availability and irreversibility in thermodynamics. Br J Appl Phys 1951; 2: 183-192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0508-3443/2/7/302 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/0508-3443/2/7/302

Hatsopoulos GN, Keenan JH. Principles of Thermodynamics, John Wiley & Sons, New York, London, Sydney 1965.

Tschoegl NW. Fundamentals of Equilibrium and SteadyState Thermodynamics, Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam, New York, Oxford, Tokyo 2000.

Dincer I, Rosen MA. Exergy: Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development, Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam, New York, Oxford, Tokyo 2007. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-008044529-8.50006-9

Moran MJ, Shapiro HN. Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics, John Wiley & Sons, New York, London, Sydney 2008.

Cengel YA, Boles MA. Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach, McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., New York, San Francisco, Toronto, London 2010.

Castleman AW, Bowen KH. Clusters: Structure, Energetics, and Dynamics of intermediate States of Matter. J Phys Chem 1996; 100: 12911-12944. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp961030k The Interrelationship between Thermodynamics and Energetics Journal of Applied Solution Chemistry and Modeling, 2015, Volume 4, No. 1 47 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/jp961030k

Evans RB. A Proof that Essergy is the Only Consistent Measure of Potential Work (for Chemical Systems), A Report to Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA 1969. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21236/AD0691899

Baehr HD. Thermodynamik, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York 1973. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-10535-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-10535-1

" )¬# . (V. M. Brodyanskij), # " $ & # $ $ " ¬ & # ¬ (Exergetic Method of Thermodynamic Analysis), Energija, Moscow, USSR 1973.

Haywood RW. A Critical Review of the Theorems of Thermodynamic Availability, with Concise Formulations. J Mech Engin Sci 1974; 16: 160-173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/JMES_JOUR_1974_016_030_02 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1243/JMES_JOUR_1974_016_030_02

Haywood RW. A Critical Review of the Theorems of Thermodynamic Availability, with Concise Formulations. J Mech Engin Sci 1974; 16: 258-267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/JMES_JOUR_1974_016_046_02 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1243/JMES_JOUR_1974_016_046_02

Gaggioli RA, Petit PJ. Use the Second Law. First Chem Tech 1977; 7: 496-506.

Didion D, Garvin D, Snell J. A Report on the Relevance of the Second Law of Thermodynamics to Energy Conservation, NBS Technical Note 1115, 1980. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2172/6592736

Gaggioli RA, Ed. Thermodynamics: Second Law Analysis, ACS Symposium Series 122, American Chemical Society, Washington, D. C., USA 1980. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/bk-1980-0122

" )¬# , " $' " , %

. (V. M. Brodyanskij, W. Fratscher, K. Michalek) # " $ & # $ !" ¬ ) (Exergetic Method and Its Applications), Energoatomizdat, Moscow, USSR 1988.

" )¬# . (V. M. Brodyanskij),

"¬ – #¬ $ ( $ " ¬ (Sadi Carnot – the Founder of Thermodynamics), FIZMATLIT, Moscow, USSR 2004.

Starikov EB, Bräsicke K, Knapp EW, Saenger W. Negative solubility coefficient of methylated cyclodextrins in water: A theoretical study. Chem Phys Lett 2001; 336: 504-510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2614(01)00160-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2614(01)00160-9

Quantum Limits to the Second Law: The First International Conference on Quantum Limits to the Second Law: Conference date: 29-31 July 2002, Location: San Diego, California (USA), ISBN: 0-7354-0098-9, Editor: Daniel P. Sheehan, Volume number: 643, Published: 20 November 2002.

Nikulov A, Sheehan DP, Eds., The Second Law Mystique. Entropy 2004; 6: 1-232. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/e6010001

Lemons DS, Penner MK. Sadi Carnot’s contribution to the second law of thermodynamics. Am J Phys 2008; 76: 21-27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.2794346 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1119/1.2794346

Attard P. Statistical Mechanical Theory for Non-Equilibrium Systems, Stochastic Molecular Dynamics. J Chem Phys 2009; 130: 194113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3138762 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3138762

Kostic MM. Revisiting The Second Law of Energy Degradation and Entropy Generation: From Sadi Carnot's Ingenious Reasoning to Holistic Generalization. AIP Conf Proc 2011; 1411: 327-350. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3665247 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3665247

Jarzynski C. The Second Law of Thermodynamics at the Nanoscale. AIP Conf Proc 2013; 1519: 87-89. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4794717

Freuchen PB. Termodynamik: Grundtræk af termodynamikens historie og de to hovedsætningers betydning, Lehmann & Stages Forlag, København, Denmark 1915.

Freuchen PB. Kemisk potential og andre fysisk-chemiske emner, P. Haase & søns Forlag, København, Denmark 1936.

Gao J, Ma S, Major DT, Nam K, Pu J, Truhlar DG. Mechanisms and Free Energies of Enzymatic Reactions. Chem Rev 2006; 106: 3188-3209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cr050293k DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/cr050293k

Angell CA. Insights into Phases of Liquid Water from Study of Its Unusual Glass-Forming Properties. Science 2008; 319: 582-587. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1131939 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1131939

Walter J. On the definition of the absolute temperature – a reconciliation of the classical method with that of Carathéodory. Proc Roy Soc Edinburgh A 1978; 82: 87-94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0308210500011057 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0308210500011057

Walter J. On the foundations of thermodynamics. Springer Lecture Notes in Mathematics 1982; 964: 695-702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BFb0065041 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0065041

Walter J. Autorreferat. Zbl f Math 1985; 556: 35111.

Walter J. Logical frictions in the tradition of Carathéodory’s thermodynamics (Unveröffentlichtes Manuskript, 100 Seiten, Aachen) 1987.

Walter J. Was bleibt übrig von Carathéodorys Thermodynamik? Über eine Erweiterung des Carnotschen Prinzips auf Systeme ohne Carnot-Prozesse (Unveröffentlichtes Manuskript, 15 Seiten, Aachen) 1989.

Walter J. On a remark of I. Newton and the mathematics of the Second Law, in: Proc. Conf. Thermodynamics; History and Philosophy, Veszprém, Ungarn, 23.-28. Juli 1990, K. Martinas, L. Ropolyi, P. Szegedi, Eds, World Scientific, Singapore 1991; pp. 449-454.

Walter J. What remains of Carathéodory’s thermodynamics? Atti Accad. Peloritana dei Pericolanti 1992; LXX(Suppl. 1): 135-146.

Walter J. Über die Mathematik des Ersten Hauptsatzes der Thermodynamik. 150 Jahre “Bemerkungen über die Kräfte der unbelebten Natur“ von J. R. Mayer. Res Math 1995; 28: 15-32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF03322236 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03322236

Lasswitz K. Die moderne Energetik in ihrer Bedeutung für die Erkenntniskritik. Phil Monatsh 1893; XXIX, Heft 1, 2, pp. 1- 30.

Lasswitz K. Die moderne Energetik in ihrer Bedeutung für die Erkenntniskritik. Phil Monatsh 1893; XXIX, Heft 3, 4, pp. 117- 197. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/ S0009261401001609 - CORR1

Downloads

Published

2015-02-25

How to Cite

Starikov, E. B. (2015). The Interrelationship between Thermodynamics and Energetics: The True Sense of Equilibrium Thermodynamics. Journal of Applied Solution Chemistry and Modeling, 4(1), 19–47. https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-5030.2015.04.01.3

Issue

Section

General Articles