Synthesis of Stable Sols of Layered Titanate Nanoparticles using Dialysis and Applications for Thin Film Preparation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-5030.2015.04.04.1Keywords:
Nanostructures, Oxides, Thin films, Sol-gel, Peptization, CoatingsAbstract
Sols with stable dispersion of layered titanate nanoparticles were prepared at 298 K using dialysis of a mixed solution of ethylene glycol, TiCl3, ammonium carbonate, and H2O2. Raman spectra of the particles in the obtained sols showed Raman scattering peaks which can be assigned to a layered titanate structure. The stability of the obtained sols depended on the molar ratio of [ammonium carbonate] / [Ti ion]. The molar ratios of 3, 4, and 5 produced transparent yellow stable sols. Peptization of titanium hydroxide precipitate with H2O2 formed stable sols with dispersion of layered titanate nanoparticles, which had plate - shaped morphology. The obtained sols formed layered titanate thin films on glass substrates easily by drying the sols. Furthermore, when the layered titanate thin films were heated at 773 K for 1 h, anatase TiO2 thin films were obtained with (101) orientation of crystallites and optical transparency.References
[1] Pang YL, Lim S, Ong HC, Chong WT. A critical review on the recent progress of synthesizing techniques and fabrication of TiO2-based nanotubes photocatalysts. Appl Catal A: General 2014; 481: 127-42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2014.05.007
[2] Liua N, Chena X, Zhangb J, Schwanka JW. A review on TiO2-based nanotubes synthesized via hydrothermal method: Formation mechanism, structure modification, and photocatalytic applications. Catal Today 2014; 225: 34-51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2013.10.090
[3] Fretwell R, Douglas P. An active, robust and transparent nanocrystalline anatase TiO2 thin film -preparation, characterisation and the kinetics of photodegradation of model pollutants. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2001; 143: 229-40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1010-6030(01)00526-3
[4] O’Regan B, Grätzel M. A low-cost, high-efficiency solar cell based on dye-sensitized colloidal TiO2 films. Nature 1991; 353: 737-40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/353737a0
[5] Kavan L, Grätzel M, Gilbert SE, Klemenz C, Scheel HJ. Electrochemical and photoelectrochemical investigation of single-crystal anatase. J Am Chem Soc 1996; 118: 6716-23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja954172l
[6] Tian ZR, Voigt JA, Liu J, Mckenzie B, Xu H. Large oriented arrays and continuous films of TiO2-based nanotubes. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 125: 12384-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja0369461
[7] Hosono E, Matsuda H, Honma I, Ichihara M, Zhou H. Synthesis of a perpendicular TiO2 nanosheet film with the superhydrophilic property without UV irradiation. Langmuir 2007; 23: 7447-50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la701117a
[8] Ohgi H, Maeda T, Hosono E, Fujihara S, Imai H. Evolution of nanoscale SnO2 grains, flakes, and plates into versatile particles and films through crystal growth in aqueous solutions. Cryst Growth Des 2005; 5: 1079-83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cg049644z
[9] Uekawa N, Saito T, Kojima T, Kakegawa K. J Mater Lett 2012; 86: 125-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2012.07.047
[10] Gao YF, Nagai M, Masuda Y, Sato F, Seo WS, Koumoto K. Surface precipitation of highly porous hydrotalcite-like film on Al from a zinc aqueous solution. Langmuir 2006; 22: 3521-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la052424i
[11] Ogawa F, Ban T, Ohya Y. Preparation of lamellar hybrid inorganic–organic films of layered titanate and cationic or anionic surfactants. Thin Solid Films 2008; 516: 4863-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2007.09.007
[12] Ichinose H, Terasaki M, Katsuki H. Synthesis of peroxomodified anatase sol from peroxo titanic acid solution. J Ceram Soc Jpn 1996; 104: 715-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2109/jcersj.104.715
[13] Ban T, Yoshikawa S, Ohya Y. Synthesis of transparent aqueous sols of colloidal layered niobate nanocrystals at room temperature. J Colloid Interface Sci 2011; 364: 85-91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2011.08.026
[14] Ban T, Kondoh S, Ohya T, Ohya Y, Takahashi Y. Photocatalysis of a transparent titanate aqueous sol prepared from titanium tetraisopropoxide and tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2003; 156: 219-25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1010-6030(02)00404-5
[15] Taira K, Hirose Y, Nakao S, et al. ACS Nano 2014; 8: 6145- 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nn501563j
[16] Gao T, Fjellvag H, Norby P. Raman scattering properties of a protonic titanate HxTi2-x/4x/4O4·H2O (, vacancy; x = 0.7) with lepidocrocite-type layered structure. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112: 9400-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp801639a
[17] Ma R, Bando Y, Sasaki T. Nanotubes of lepidocrocite titanates. Chem Phys Lett 2003; 380: 577-82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2003.09.069
[18] Ivanova S, Penkova A, Hidalgo MC, et al. Synthesis and application of layered titanates in the photocatalytic degradation of phenol. Appl Catal B Environmental 2015; 163: 23-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2014.07.048
[19] Gao T, Fjellvag H, Norby P. Crystal structures of titanate nanotubes: a Raman scattering study. Inorg Chem 2009; 48: 1423-32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic801508k
[20] Nour EM. Inorg Chimica Acta 1986; 117: 45-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0020-1693(00)88064-0
[21] Mühlebach J, Müller K, Schwarzenbach G. The peroxo complexes of titanium. Inorg Chem 1970; 9: 2381-90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic50093a001
[22] Chen C, Xu L, Sewvandi GA, et al. Cryst Growth Des 2014; 14: 5801-11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cg501062r
[23] Gong XQ, Selloni A, Batzill M, Diebold U. Steps on anatase TiO2(101). Nat Mater 2006; 5: 665-70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nmat1695
[2] Liua N, Chena X, Zhangb J, Schwanka JW. A review on TiO2-based nanotubes synthesized via hydrothermal method: Formation mechanism, structure modification, and photocatalytic applications. Catal Today 2014; 225: 34-51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2013.10.090
[3] Fretwell R, Douglas P. An active, robust and transparent nanocrystalline anatase TiO2 thin film -preparation, characterisation and the kinetics of photodegradation of model pollutants. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2001; 143: 229-40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1010-6030(01)00526-3
[4] O’Regan B, Grätzel M. A low-cost, high-efficiency solar cell based on dye-sensitized colloidal TiO2 films. Nature 1991; 353: 737-40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/353737a0
[5] Kavan L, Grätzel M, Gilbert SE, Klemenz C, Scheel HJ. Electrochemical and photoelectrochemical investigation of single-crystal anatase. J Am Chem Soc 1996; 118: 6716-23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja954172l
[6] Tian ZR, Voigt JA, Liu J, Mckenzie B, Xu H. Large oriented arrays and continuous films of TiO2-based nanotubes. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 125: 12384-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja0369461
[7] Hosono E, Matsuda H, Honma I, Ichihara M, Zhou H. Synthesis of a perpendicular TiO2 nanosheet film with the superhydrophilic property without UV irradiation. Langmuir 2007; 23: 7447-50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la701117a
[8] Ohgi H, Maeda T, Hosono E, Fujihara S, Imai H. Evolution of nanoscale SnO2 grains, flakes, and plates into versatile particles and films through crystal growth in aqueous solutions. Cryst Growth Des 2005; 5: 1079-83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cg049644z
[9] Uekawa N, Saito T, Kojima T, Kakegawa K. J Mater Lett 2012; 86: 125-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2012.07.047
[10] Gao YF, Nagai M, Masuda Y, Sato F, Seo WS, Koumoto K. Surface precipitation of highly porous hydrotalcite-like film on Al from a zinc aqueous solution. Langmuir 2006; 22: 3521-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la052424i
[11] Ogawa F, Ban T, Ohya Y. Preparation of lamellar hybrid inorganic–organic films of layered titanate and cationic or anionic surfactants. Thin Solid Films 2008; 516: 4863-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2007.09.007
[12] Ichinose H, Terasaki M, Katsuki H. Synthesis of peroxomodified anatase sol from peroxo titanic acid solution. J Ceram Soc Jpn 1996; 104: 715-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2109/jcersj.104.715
[13] Ban T, Yoshikawa S, Ohya Y. Synthesis of transparent aqueous sols of colloidal layered niobate nanocrystals at room temperature. J Colloid Interface Sci 2011; 364: 85-91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2011.08.026
[14] Ban T, Kondoh S, Ohya T, Ohya Y, Takahashi Y. Photocatalysis of a transparent titanate aqueous sol prepared from titanium tetraisopropoxide and tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2003; 156: 219-25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1010-6030(02)00404-5
[15] Taira K, Hirose Y, Nakao S, et al. ACS Nano 2014; 8: 6145- 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nn501563j
[16] Gao T, Fjellvag H, Norby P. Raman scattering properties of a protonic titanate HxTi2-x/4x/4O4·H2O (, vacancy; x = 0.7) with lepidocrocite-type layered structure. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112: 9400-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp801639a
[17] Ma R, Bando Y, Sasaki T. Nanotubes of lepidocrocite titanates. Chem Phys Lett 2003; 380: 577-82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2003.09.069
[18] Ivanova S, Penkova A, Hidalgo MC, et al. Synthesis and application of layered titanates in the photocatalytic degradation of phenol. Appl Catal B Environmental 2015; 163: 23-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2014.07.048
[19] Gao T, Fjellvag H, Norby P. Crystal structures of titanate nanotubes: a Raman scattering study. Inorg Chem 2009; 48: 1423-32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic801508k
[20] Nour EM. Inorg Chimica Acta 1986; 117: 45-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0020-1693(00)88064-0
[21] Mühlebach J, Müller K, Schwarzenbach G. The peroxo complexes of titanium. Inorg Chem 1970; 9: 2381-90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic50093a001
[22] Chen C, Xu L, Sewvandi GA, et al. Cryst Growth Des 2014; 14: 5801-11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cg501062r
[23] Gong XQ, Selloni A, Batzill M, Diebold U. Steps on anatase TiO2(101). Nat Mater 2006; 5: 665-70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nmat1695
Downloads
Published
2015-12-18
How to Cite
Wen, C. M., Kojima, T., & Uekawa, N. (2015). Synthesis of Stable Sols of Layered Titanate Nanoparticles using Dialysis and Applications for Thin Film Preparation. Journal of Applied Solution Chemistry and Modeling, 4(4), 165–172. https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-5030.2015.04.04.1
Issue
Section
General Articles
License
Policy for Journals/Articles with Open Access
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post links to their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work
Policy for Journals / Manuscript with Paid Access
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Publisher retain copyright .
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post links to their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work .
