Comparison of Maternal Feeding Practices and Child Weight Status in Children from Three Countries
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-4247.2014.03.02.1Keywords:
Childhood obesity, parent-child relations, feeding practices, obesity prevention, weight management.Abstract
The present study considered three samples of mothers from Brazil, South Korea, and the United States to determine whether mothers demonstrate a consistent pattern of feeding practices associated with child overweight. Participants included 1204 mothers of children 6-10 years old.
Mothers completed questionnaires to report their children's demographics and their feeding practices with the Parent Mealtime Action Scale (PMAS). The South Korean children showed significantly less obesity (10.4%) than children from Brazil (17.0%) or the United States (19.6%). Confirmatory factor analysis for mothers from all three samples revealed good fit for the same nine PMAS dimensions of feeding practice. Hierarchical multiple regression revealed that after taking into account child age and gender, heavier child weight was found associated with more Fat Reduction and less Insistence on Eating by mothers from all three samples. Results from past experimental research suggest that these two maternal feeding practices would be counter-productive for teaching children's self-regulation of diet and weight management. Alternative maternal feeding practices are suggested.
References
Cole TJ, Bellizzi MC, Flegal KM, Dietz WH. Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: International survey. BMJ 2000; 320: 1-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.320.7244.1240
Must A, Strauss RS. Risks and consequences of childhood and adolescent obesity. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disords 1999; 23: S2-S11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0800852
Davison KK, Birch LL. Weight status, parent reaction, and self-concept in five year-old girls. Pediatr 2001; 107: 46-53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.107.1.46
Latner JD, Stunkard AJ..Getting worse: The stigmatization of obese children. Obes Res 2003; 11: 452-456. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/oby.2003.61
Turnbull ID, Heaslip S, McLeod HA. Preschool children's attitudes to fat and normal male and female stimulus figures. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disords 2000; 24: 1705-1706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0801462
Schwimmer JB, Burwinkle TM, Varni JW. Health-related quality of life of severely obese children and adolescents. JAMA 2003; 289: 1813-1819. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.289.14.1813
Williams CL, Bulli MT, Deckelbaum RJ. Prevention and treatment of childhood obesity. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2001; 3: 486-497. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11883-001-0039-2
Harris JL, Bargh JA, Brownell KD. Priming effects of television food advertising on eating behavior. Health Psychol 2009; 28: 404-13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0014399
Lobstein T, Dibb S. Evidence of a possible link between obesogenic food advertising and child overweight. Obes Rev 2005; 6: 203-208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-789X.2005.00191.x
Deckelbaum RJ, Williams CL. Childhood obesity: the health issue. Obes Res 2001; 9: 239S-243S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/oby.2001.125
Ludwig D, Peterson KE, Gortmaker SL. Relation between consumption of sugar-sweetened drinks and childhood obesity: a prospective, observational analysis. Lancet 2001; 357: 505-508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(00)04041-1
Jahns L, Siega-Riz AM, Popkin BM. The increasing prevalence of snacking among US children from 1977 to 1996. J Pediatr 2001; 138: 493-498. http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mpd.2001.112162
Jones LR, Steer CD, Rogers IS, Emmet PM. Influences on child fruit and vegetable intake: Sociodemographic, parental, and child factors in a longitudinal cohort study. Public Health Nutr 2010; 13: 1122-1130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1368980010000133
Brown JE, Nicholson JM, Broom DH, Bittman M. Television viewing by school-age children: Associations with physical activity, snack food consumption, and unhealthy weight. Soc Indic Res 2011; 101: 221-225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11205-010-9656-x
Mendoza JA, Zimmerman FJ, Christakis DA.Television viewing, computer use, obesity, and adiposity in US preschool children. Int J Beh Nutr Phys Act 2007; 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-4-44
Styne DM. Childhood and adolescent obesity: prevalence and significance. Pediatr Clin North Am 2001; 48: 823-54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0031-3955(05)70344-8
Claro RM, Monteiro CA. Family income, food prices, and household purchases of fruits and vegetables in Brazil. Rev Saude Publica.2010; 44: 1014-20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-89102010000600005
Rivera JA, Barquera A, Gonzalez-Cossio T, Olaiz G, Sepulveda J. Nutrition transition in Mexico and other Latin American countries. Nutr Rev 2004; 62: 149-157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1301/nr.2004.jul.S149-S157
Instituto Brazileiro de Geografia e Estatίstica (IBGE). Pesquisa de Orḉamentos Familiares 2008-2009. Antropometria e estado nutricional de crianḉas, adolescents e adultos no Brasil. IBGE: Rio de Janeiro, Brasilia 2010.
Instituto Nacional de Alimentaḉão e Nutriḉão (INAN). Pesquisa Nacional sobre Saúde e Nutriḉão—PNSN-1989: Brasilia 1990.
Popkin BM. The nutrition transition and obesity in the developing world. J Nutr 2001; 131: 871S-73S.
Oh K, Jang MJ, Lee NY, et al. Prevalence and trends in obesity among Korean children and adolescents in 1997 and 2005. Korean J Pediatr 2008; 51: 950-55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3345/kjp.2008.51.9.950
Korea Center for Disease Control and Prevention [KCDCP]. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010.
Ventura A, Birch L. Does parenting affect children's eating and weight status? Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2008; 5: 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-5-15
Costanzo PR, Woody EZ. Domain-specific parenting styles and their impact on the child’s development of particular deviance: the example of obesity proneness. J Soc Clin Psychol 1985; 3: 425-45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/jscp.1985.3.4.425
Faith MS, Scanlon KS, Birch LL, Francis LA, Sherry B. Parent-child feeding strategies and their relationships to child eating and weight status. Obes Res 2004; 12: 1711-1722. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/oby.2004.212
Savage JS, Fisher JO, Birch LL. Parental influence on eating behavior: Conception to adolescence. J Law Med Ethics 2007; 35: 22-34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720X.2007.00111.x
Wardle J, Carnell S. Parental feeding practices and children’s weight. Acta Paediatr.2007; 96: 5-11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.2007.00163.x
Lee J-S, Choi Y-S, Bae B-S. Association between Nutritional Knowledge and Dietary Behaviors of Middle School Children and Their Mothers. Korean J Nutr 2011; 44: 140-51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4163/kjn.2011.44.2.140
McIntosh A, Zey M. Women as gatekeepers of food consumption: a sociological critique. Food Foodways 1989; 3: 317-32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07409710.1989.9961959
Oh S, Hyun WJ, Lee HM, Park HR, Lim HJ, Song KH. A study on the stress and the dietary habits of elementary school children by mother’s employment status. Korean J Comm Nutr 2010; 15: 498-506.
Anderson CB, Hughes SO, Fisher JO, Nicklas TA. Cross-cultural equivalence of feeding beliefs and practices: the psychometric properties of the child feeding questionnaire among Blacks and Hispanics. Preventive Med 2005; 41: 521-31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2005.01.003
Larios SE, Ayala GX, Arredondo EM, Baquero B, Elder JP. Development and validation of a scale to measure Latino parenting strategies related to children's obesigenic behaviors. The parenting strategies for eating and activity scale (PEAS). Appetite 2009; 52: 166-72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2008.09.011
Birch LL, Fisher J, Grimm-Thomas K, Markey C, Sawyer R, Johnson S. Confirmatory factor analysis of the Child Feeding Questionnaire: a measure of parental attitudes, beliefs and practices about child feeding and obesity proneness. Appetite 2001; 36: 201-10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/appe.2001.0398
Blissett J, Meyer C, Haycraft E. Maternal and paternal controlling feeding practices with male and female children. Appetite 2006; 47: 212-19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2006.04.002
Hendy HM, Williams KE, Camise TS, Eckman N, Hedemann A. The Parent Mealtime Action Scale (PMAS). Development and association with children's diet and weight. Appetite 2009; 52: 328-39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2008.11.003
Grimmett C, Croker H, Carnell S, Wardle J. Telling parents their child's weight status: psychological impact of a weight-screening program. Pediatr 2008; 122: e682-e88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2007-3526
Webber L, Cooke L, Hill C, Wardle J. Child adiposity and maternal feeding practices: a longitudinal analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 2010; 92: 1423-28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.2010.30112
Baughcum AE, Powers SW, Johnson SB, et al. Maternal feeding practices and beliefs and their relationships to overweight in early childhood. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2001; 22: 391-408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004703-200112000-00007
Birch LL, Fisher JO, Davison KK. Learning to overeat: maternal use of restrictive feeding practices promotes girls' eating in the absence of hunger. Am J Clin Nutr 2003; 78: 215-20.
Rogers RF, Paxton SJ, Massey R, et al. Maternal feeding practices predict weight gain and obesogenic eating behaviors in young children: a prospective study. Int J Beh Nutr Phys Act 2013; 10: 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-10-24
Farrow CL, Blissett J. Controlling feeding practices. Pediatr 2008; 121: e164-e166.
Birch LL, Marlin DW. I don't like it; I never tried it: effects of exposure on two-year-old children's food preferences. Appetite 1982; 3: 353-60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0195-6663(82)80053-6
Wardle J, Cooke LJ, Gibson EL, Sapochnik M, Sheiham A, Lawson M. Increasing children's acceptance of vegetables; a randomized trial of parent-led exposure. Appetite 2003; 40: 155-62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0195-6663(02)00135-6
Roe LS, Meengs JS, Rolls BJ. Salad and satiety. The effect of timing of salad consumption on meal energy intake. Appetite 2012; 58: 242-48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2011.10.003
Rolls BJ, Roe LS, Meengs JS. Salad and satiety: energy density and portion size of a first-course salad affect energy intake at lunch. J Am Diet Assoc 2004; 104: 1570-76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2004.07.001
Batsell WR Jr, Brown AS, Ansfield ME, Paschall GY. “You will eat all of that!”: A retrospective analysis of forced consumption episodes. Appetite 2002; 38: 211-219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/appe.2001.0482
Galloway AT, Fiorito LM, Francis LA, Birch LL. “Finish your soup”: Counterproductive effects of pressuring children to eat on intake and affect. Appetite 2006; 46: 318-323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2006.01.019
Hendy HM, Williams KE. Mother's feeding practices for children 3-10years of age and their associations with child demographics. Appetite 2012; 58: 710-16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2012.01.011
Maynard LM, Galuska DA, Blanck HM, Serdula MK. Maternal perceptions of weight status of children. Pediatric 2003; 111: 1226-31.
Choo J, Jang, E. Chung, K. Factor structure of the Parent Mealtime Action Scale (PMAS) among Korean parents. Conference of the Association for Behavior Analysis International 2011.
Petty MLB, Schimith-Escrivao MAM, Souza AALd. Preliminary validation of the Parent Mealtime Action Scale and its association with food intake in children from Sao Paulo, Brazil. Appetite 2013; 62: 166-172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2012.11.024
World Health Organization. Growth Reference Data for 5-19 years. Geneva, Switzerland: Author 2007.
Hu L, Bentler PM. Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Struct Equ Modeling 1999; 6: 1-55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
McDonald RP, Ho M. Principles and practice in reporting structural equation analyses. Psychol Methods 2002; 7: 64-82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.7.1.64
Sung CJ. Contemporary man and Traditional Korean foods. Seoul: Jipmoondang 1997.
Lee K. Elementary school children's perceptions of traditional Korean foods, based on the health belief model. Korean J Nutr, 2013; 46: 86-97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4163/kjn.2013.46.1.86
Williams KE, Paul C, Pizzo B, Riegel K. Practice does make perfect. A longitudinal look at repeated taste exposure. Appetite 2008; 51: 739-42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2008.05.063
Kraller K, Warschburger P. Associations between maternal feeding style and food intake of children with a higher risk for overweight. Appetite 2008; 51: 166-72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2008.01.012
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Policy for Journals/Articles with Open Access
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post links to their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work
Policy for Journals / Manuscript with Paid Access
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Publisher retain copyright .
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post links to their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work .