Learning to Forget: A Critical Review of Knowledge Management and Knowledge Exchange Initiatives in the Detective Service
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-4409.2020.09.190Keywords:
Curriculum, detective, knowledge exchange, knowledge management, mentorship.Abstract
KM and KE have recently become commonly used terms in law enforcement agencies. However, implementing KM initiatives successfully in the SAPS still poses a challenge. This paper reviews factors that influence the success or failure of KM and KE initiatives as manifested in the SAPS, with emphasis on the DS. Both KM and KE initiatives are of critical importance to solve criminal cases. The consulted literature review highlighted various dimensions that are critically influential in the implementation of KM and KE in the DS. These are the negligence of the FP, during which the building blocks for a successful schooling career are laid; and once detectives are recruited, the lack of a mentorship programme and training curriculum, which lack coherence, connection, as well as depth of understanding that accompanies systematic critical thinking.
References
Aikin, W. M. (1942) The Story of the Eight-Year Study, with Conclusions and Recommendations: Volume I of Adventure in American Education. New York and London: Harper & Brothers.
Altbeker, A. (1998) Monograph No 31: Solving Crime. Pretoria: Institute for Security Studies.
Arthur, J. B. and Huntley, C. L. (2005) ‘Ramping up the organizational learning curve: Assessing the impact of deliberate learning on organizational performance under gain sharing’, Academy of Management Journal, 48, pp. 1159-1170. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2005.19573115 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2005.19573115
Ashby, D. I. and Longley, P. A. (2005) ‘Geocomputation, geodemographics and resource allocation for local policing’, Transactions in GIS, 9(1), pp. 53-72. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9671.2005.00205.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9671.2005.00205.x
Attar, M. M. (2020) ‘Organizational culture, knowledge sharing, and intellectual capital: Directions for future research’, International Journal of Business and Economics Research, 9(1), pp. 11-20. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijber.20200901.12 DOI: https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijber.20200901.12
Baker, R. and Wick, S. (2019) ‘A narrative on integrating research and theory into undergraduate accounting curriculum’, Meditari Accountancy Research, 27(2), pp. 325-344. https://doi.org/10.1108/MEDAR-03-2018-0303 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/MEDAR-03-2018-0303
Bauerlein, M. and Bellow, A. (Eds.). (2015) The State of the American Mind: 16 Leading Critics on the New Anti-Intellectualism. West Conshohocken: Templeton Press.
Baumard, P. (1999) Tacit Knowledge in Organizations. London: Sage Publications. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446217375
Begona, L. M. (2008) ‘A review of the main approaches to knowledge management’, Knowledge Management Research & Practice, 6(1), pp. 77-89. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.kmrp.8500164 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.kmrp.8500164
Bloom, B. S. et al. (1956) Taxonomy of Educational Objectives: Handbook I: Cognitive Domain. New York: David McKay.
Bruce, D. (2003) Democratic Reform of Police – Any Lessons for Kenya from South Africa? Johannesburg: Centre for the Study of Violence and Reconciliation.
Chen, H. J. et al. (2003) ‘COPLINK Connect: Information and knowledge management for law enforcement: Decision Support Systems (DSS)’, Digital Government: Technologies and Practices, 34(3), pp. 271-285. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-9236(02)00121-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-9236(02)00121-5
Chiem, P. X. (2001) Form Follows Strategy: Open and Interactive Office Design Supports Cultural Changes at the new BP. Available at: www.destinationkm.com/print/default.asp? ArticleID=369.
Chourides, P., Longbottom, D. and Murphy, W. (2003) ‘Excellence in knowledge management: An empirical study to identify critical factors and performance measures’, Measuring Business Excellence, 7(2), 29-45. https://doi.org/10.1108/13683040310477977 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/13683040310477977
City Press. (2010) OBE gets overhauled. 24 July, p. 5.
Claver-Cortés, E. et al. (2007) ‘Intellectual and environmental capital’, Journal of Intellectual Capital, 8(1), pp. 171-182. https://doi.org/10.1108/14691930710715123 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/14691930710715123
Cuban, L. (2013) ‘Why so many structural changes in schools and so little reform in teaching practice?’, Journal of Educational Administration, 51(2), pp. 109-125. https://doi.org/10.1108/09578231311304661 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/09578231311304661
Dean, R. N. et al. (2006) ‘Testing the efficacy of the theory of planned behavior to explain strength training in older adults’, Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 15(1), pp. 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1123/japa.15.1.1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1123/japa.15.1.1
Dewey, J. (1910) How We Think. Boston: D.C. Heath. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/10903-000
Dewey, J. (1933) How We Think: A Restatement of the Relation of Reflective Thinking to the Educative Process. Lexington: D.C. Heath.
De Vries, I.D. and Steyn, J. (2011) ‘Professionalisation in the public service and academia: A scientific perspective from a house divided’, Journal of Public Administration, 46(1), pp. 682-696.
Earl, M. (2001) ‘Knowledge management strategies: Toward a taxonomy’, Journal of Management Information Systems, 18(1), pp. 215-233. https://doi.org/10.1080/07421222.2001.11045670 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/07421222.2001.11045670
Eigenauer, J. D. (2019) ‘The problem with the problem of human irrationality’, International Journal of Educational Reform, 27(4), pp. 341-358. https://doi.org/10.1177/105678791802700402 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/105678791802700402
Ennis, R. H. (1962) ‘A concept of critical thinking’, Harvard Educational Review, 32(1), pp. 81-111.
Fahsing, I. A. (2016) The Making of an Expert Detective: Thinking and Deciding in Criminal Investigations. Department of Psychology: University of Gothenburg.
Fahsing, I.A., and Ask, K. (2013) ‘Decision making and decisional tipping points in homicide investigations: An interview study of British and Norwegian detectives’, Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling, 10(2), pp. 155-165. https://doi.org/10.1002/jip.1384 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jip.1384
Fahsing, I. and Ask, K. (2016) The making of an expert detective: the role of experience in English and Norwegian police officers’ investigative decision-making. Psychology, Crime & Law 22(3): 203–223. https://doi.org/10.1080/1068316X.2015.1077249 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1068316X.2015.1077249
Fahsing, I. and Ask, K. (2018) ‘In search of indicators of detective aptitude: police recruits’ logical reasoning and ability to generate investigative hypotheses’, Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology 33(1), pp. 21–34. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11896-017-9231-3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11896-017-9231-3
Faul, A. and Rose, B. (2012) ‘Professionalism and the South African Police Service: What is it and how can it help build safer communities?’, Institute for Security Studies, 240, pp. 1-21.
Filstad, C. and Gottschalk, P. (2009) ‘How knowledge organizations work: The case of real estate agencies’, International Real Estate Review, 12(1), pp. 88-97. DOI: https://doi.org/10.53383/100106
Flores, K. L. et al. (2010) ‘Deficient critical thinking skills among college graduates: Implications for leadership’, Educational Philosophy and Theory, 44(2), pp. 212-230. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-5812.2010.00672.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-5812.2010.00672.x
Forbes Media. (2018) How Critical Thinking Improves Life Outcomes. Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/helenleebouygues/ 2018/11/21/how-critical-thinking-improves-life-outcomes/#697added4811.
Germeten, S. (2011) ‘The new national curriculum in Norway: A change in the role of the principals?’, Australian Journal of Education, 55(1), pp. 14-23. https://doi.org/10.1177/000494411105500103 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/000494411105500103
Glaser, E. M. (1941) An Experiment in the Development of Critical Thinking. New York: Teachers College, Columbia University.
Glomseth, R., Gottschalk, P. and Solli-Sæther, H. (2007) ‘Occupational culture as determinant of knowledge sharing and performance in police investigations’, International Journal of the Sociology of Law, 35(2), pp. 96-107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsl.2007.03.003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsl.2007.03.003
Gold, A. H., Malhotra, A. and Segars, A. H. (2001) ‘Knowledge management: An organizational capabilities perspective’, Journal of Knowledge Information Systems, 18(1), pp. 185-214. https://doi.org/10.1080/07421222.2001.11045669 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/07421222.2001.11045669
Goldstein, J. (2007) A new model for emergence and its leadership implications. In J. Hazy, J. Goldstein, and B. Lichtenstein (Eds.). Complex Systems Leadership Theory (pp. 61-92). Mansfield: ISCE.
Gottschalk, P. (2006). Knowledge Management Systems in Law Enforcement: Technologies and Techniques. Hershey: Idea Group Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-307-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-307-4.ch002
Gottschalk, P. et al. (2011) ‘Information management for investigation and prevention of white-collar crime’, International Journal of Information Management, 31, pp. 226-233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2010.07.002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2010.07.002
Gottschalk, P. and Holgersson, S. (2006) ‘Stages of knowledge management technology in the value shop: The case of police investigation performance’, Expert Systems, 23, pp. 183-193. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.2006.00400.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.2006.00400.x
Gudnason, S. and Finnsson, T. R. (2017) The Search for High Performance in Organizations: A Study of the CHPS Framework. Available at: https://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/search/publication/8917007.
Hargreaves, A. and Fink, D. (2006) Sustainable Leadership. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Hazy, J. K. et al. (2007) Complex Systems Leadership Theory: New Perspectives from Complexity Science on Social and Organizational Effectiveness. Mansfield: ISCE Publishing.
Heijltjes, A., Gog, T. and Paas, F. (2014) ‘Improving students’ critical thinking: Empirical support for explicit instructions combined with practice’, Applied Cognitive Psychology, 28(4), pp. 518-530. https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.3025 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.3025
Hughes, V. and Jackson, P. (2004) ‘The influence of technical, social and structural factors on the effective use of information in a policing environment’, Electronic Journal of Knowledge Management, 2, pp. 65-76.
Hunter, J. E., Schmidt, F. L. and Jackson, G. B. (1982) Meta-Analysis: Cumulating Research Findings Across Studies. Beverly Hills: Sage Publications.
Insch, G. S., McIntyre, N. and Dawley, D. (2008) ‘Tacit knowledge: A refinement and empirical test of the academic tacit knowledge scale’, The Journal of Psychology, 142(6), pp. 561-579. https://doi.org/10.3200/JRLP.142.6.561-580 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3200/JRLP.142.6.561-580
Intezari, A., Taskin, N. and Pauleen, D. J. (2017) ‘Looking beyond knowledge sharing: An integrative approach to knowledge management culture’, Journal of Knowledge Management, 21(2), pp. 492-515. https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-06-2016-0216 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-06-2016-0216
Jain, P. (2011) ‘Personal knowledge management: The foundation of organisational knowledge management’, South African Journal of Libraries and Information Science, 77(1), pp. 1-14. https://doi.org/10.7553/77-1-62 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7553/77-1-62
Janicijevic, N. (2012) ‘The influence of organizational culture on organizational preferences towards the choice of organizational change strategy’, Economic Annals, 57(193), pp. 25-51. https://doi.org/10.2298/EKA1293025J DOI: https://doi.org/10.2298/EKA1293025J
Janz, B. and Prasarnphanich, P. (2003) ‘Understanding the antecedents of effective knowledge management: The importance of a knowledge-centered culture’, Decision Sciences, 34(2), pp. 351-383. https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-5915.02328 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-5915.02328
Johannessen, J-A. and Olsen, B. (2011) ‘Aspects of a cybernetic theory of tacit knowledge and innovation’, Kybernetes, 40(1/2), pp. 141-165. https://doi.org/10.1108/03684921111117979 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/03684921111117979
Kahneman, D. (2011) Thinking, Fast and Slow. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
Kane-Berman, J. (Ed.). (2002) South Africa Survey 2001/2002. Johannesburg: South African Institute of Race Relations.
Kasemsap, K. 2017. Promoting critical thinking in the modern learning environments. In R. Batko and A. Szopa (Eds.). Strategic Imperatives and Core Competencies in the Era of Robotics and Artificial Intelligence, pp. 50-80. Hershey: Pennsylvania IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1656-9.ch004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1656-9.ch004
Keikha, F. (2015) ‘Exploring the factor affecting intentions to knowledge sharing: The case of the Iran Police Force’, International Journal of Information Processing and Management, 6(3), pp. 1-10.
Kenyon, T. and Guillaume, B. (2014) ‘Critical thinking education and debasing’, Informal Logic, 34(4):341-363. https://doi.org/10.22329/il.v34i4.4203 DOI: https://doi.org/10.22329/il.v34i4.4203
Koenig, M. E. D. and Srikantaiah, T. K. (Eds.). (2004) Review of Knowledge Management: Lessons Learned, What Works and What Doesn't. Medford: Information Today.
Laise, D., Migliarese, P. and Verteramo, S. (2005) ‘Knowledge organization design: A diagnostic tool’, Human Systems Management, 24, pp. 121-131. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3233/HSM-2005-24201
Liebowitz, J. (1999) ‘Key ingredients to the success of an organization’s knowledge management strategy’, Knowledge and Process Management, 6(1), pp. 37-40. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1441(199903)6:1<37::AID-KPM40>3.0.CO;2-M DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1441(199903)6:1<37::AID-KPM40>3.0.CO;2-M
Luen, T. W. and Al-Hawamdeh, S. (2001) ‘Knowledge management in the public sector: Principles and practices in police work’, Journal of Information Science, 27(5), pp. 311-318. https://doi.org/10.1177/016555150102700502 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/016555150102700502
MacFarlene, A. (2013) ‘Information, knowledge and intelligence’, Philosophy Now, 98, pp. 18-20.
Macupe, B. (2019) Broken teachers, broken children – the high cost of matric. Mail & Guardian, 30 August.
Martela, F. (2019) ‘What makes self-managing organizations novel? Comparing how Weberian bureaucracy, Mintzberg’s adhocracy, and self-organizing solve six fundamental problems of organizing’, Journal of Organization Design, 8(23), pp. 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41469-019-0062-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41469-019-0062-9
Mashego, A. and Tau, P. (2019) Xenophobia: Police have no plan as crime intelligence is caught napping. City Press, 09 September.
Mendenhall, A. N., Lachini, A. and Anderson-Butcher, D. (2013) ‘Exploring stakeholder perceptions of facilitators and barriers to implementation of an expanded school improvement model’, Children & Schools, 35(4), pp. 225-234. https://doi.org/10.1093/cs/cdt011 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/cs/cdt011
Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary. (2002) ‘Professionalism’. Available at: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/professionalism.
Mofokeng, J. T. (2010) Anti-Fraud Training in the South African Police Service (SAPS): A Strategic Perspective. Doctoral Thesis. Tshwane University of Technology.
Mofokeng, J. T. (2012a) ‘Perspectives on skills gap on supervision and mentorship within South African Police Service’, Acta Criminologica, S1:70-84.
Mofokeng, J. T. (2012b) ‘An empirical analysis on the performance of South African Police Service Detective Service’, OIDA International Journal of Sustainable Development, 5(4), pp. :89-96.
Mofokeng, J. T. (2012c) ‘Investigating officers’ perceptions of adult educators within the South African Police Service Detective Academy’, OIDA International Journal of Sustainable Development, 5(4), pp. 79-88.
Mofokeng, J. T. (2012d) ‘Police investigative structure and the adoption of strategic policing: The case of South Africa’, OIDA International Journal of Sustainable Development, 5(6), pp. 119-130.
Mofokeng, J. T. (2015) ‘An examination of factors influencing investigating officers’ retention in the South African Police Service’, Acta Criminologica, S5, pp. 34-51.
Mofokeng, J. T. (2018) ‘Investigations and detective services’, In R. Cornelis & C. Gumbi (Eds.). Policing in South Africa: Past and Present, pp. 337-384. Durban: LexisNexis.
Mofokeng, J. T. and De Vries, I. D. (2012) ‘Marriage of convenience (expert perspectives on general detective-public prosecutor relations in South Africa)’, OIDA International Journal of Sustainable Development, 4(4), pp. 27-34.
Mofokeng, J. T. and De Vries, I.D. (2016) ‘Anti-fraud training in the South African Police Service (SAPS): A strategic perspective’, International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanity Studies, 8(2), PP. 84-102.
Ng, S. W. (2009) ‘Why did principals and teachers respond differently to curriculum reform?’, Teacher Development, 13(3), pp. 187-203. https://doi.org/10.1080/13664530903335558 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13664530903335558
Nickerson, R. S. (1998) ‘Confirmation bias: A ubiquitous phenomenon in many guises’, Review of General Psychology, 2(2), pp. 175-220. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.2.2.175 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.2.2.175
Norman, D. A. (1988) The Psychology of Everyday Things. New York: Basic Books.
Osterwalder, A. and Pigneur, Y. (2013) ‘Designing business models and similar strategic objects: The contribution of IS’, Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 14(5), pp. 237-244. https://doi.org/10.17705/1jais.00333 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17705/1jais.00333
Parliamentary Monitoring Group (PMG). (2012) Detective Dialogue: SAPS Detective Services: Roles, Training, Careers, Modernisation & Other Challenges. Available at: https://pmg.org.za/ committee-meeting/14823/.
Paterson, B. L. et al. (2001) Meta-Study of Qualitative Health Research: A Practical Guide to Meta-Analysis and Meta-Synthesis. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
Pietarinen, J. et al. (2017) ‘Large-scale curriculum reform in Finland – Exploring the interrelation between implementation strategy, the function of the reform, and curriculum coherence’, The Curriculum Journal, 28(1), pp. 22-40. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585176.2016.1179205 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09585176.2016.1179205
Polanyi, M. (1966) The Tacit Dimension. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Prystupa-Rządca, K. (2017) ‘The role of organizational culture in knowledge management in small companies’, Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation, 13(3), pp. 151-174. https://doi.org/10.7341/20171336 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7341/20171336
Public Service Commission (PSC). (2009) Consolidated Report on Inspections of Service Delivery Sites: South African Police Service. Pretoria: Monitoring and Evaluation, Communication and Information Services.
Rebernick, M. and Šurec, K. (2007) ‘Fostering innovation by unlearning tacit knowledge’, Kybenetes, 36(3/4), pp. 406-419. https://doi.org/10.1108/03684920710747039 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/03684920710747039
Reboot Foundation. (2018) The State of Critical Thinking. Available at: https://reboot-foundation.org/the-state-of-critical-thinking/.
Republic of South Africa. (1998) Skills Development Act, No. 97 of 1998. Pretoria: Government Printer.
Salet, R. (2017) ‘Framing in criminal investigation: How police officers (re)construct a crime’, The Police Journal: Theory, Practice and Principles, 90(2), pp. 128-142. https://doi.org/10.1177/0032258X16672470 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0032258X16672470
Seba, I. and Rowley, J. (2010) ‘Knowledge management in UK police forces’, Journal of Knowledge Management, 14, pp. 611-626. https://doi.org/10.1108/13673271011059554 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/13673271011059554
Seba, I., Rowley, J. and Lambert, S. (2012) ‘Factors affecting attitudes and intentions towards knowledge sharing in the Dubai Police Force’, International Journal of Information Management, 32(4), pp. 372-380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2011.12.003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2011.12.003
Siegel, H. (1988) Educating Reason: Rationality, Critical Thinking, and Education. New York: Routledge.
Slade, M. L. et al. (2019) ‘The impact of reflective practice on teacher candidates’ learning’, International Journal for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning, 13(2), p. 15. https://doi.org/10.20429/ijsotl.2019.130215 DOI: https://doi.org/10.20429/ijsotl.2019.130215
Smith, E. R., Tyler, R.W. and The Evaluation Staff. (1942) Appraising and Recording Student Progress: Volume III of Adventure in American Education. New York and London: Harper & Brothers.
Stelfox, P. and Pease, K. (2005) Cognition and detection: Reluctant bedfellows? In M. J. Smith & N. Tilley (Eds.), Crime science: New approaches to preventing and detecting crime (pp. 194-210). Cullompton, UK: Willan.
Stepsis, J. A. (1998) ‘Participatory management: A new morality’, The Pfeiffer Library, 20(2), pp. 9-13.
Taylor, A. and Greve, H. R. (2006) ‘Superman or the Fantastic Four? Knowledge combination and experience in innovative teams’, Academy of Management Journal, 49, pp. 723-740. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2006.22083029 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2006.22083029
Taylor, T. Z. et al. (2013) ‘A Police Officer’s Tacit Knowledge Inventory (POTKI): Establishing Construct Validity and Exploring Applications’. Police Practice and Research, 14(6), pp. 1-27. https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2013.802847 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2013.802847
Thoonen, E. E. J. et al. (2012) ‘Building school-wide capacity for improvement: The role of leadership, school organizational conditions, and teacher factors’, School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 23(4), pp. 441-460. https://doi.org/10.1080/09243453.2012.678867 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09243453.2012.678867
Valli, L. and Buese, D. (2007) ‘The changing roles of teachers in an era of high-stakes accountability’, American Educational Research Journal, 44(3), pp. 519-558. https://doi.org/10.3102/0002831207306859 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3102/0002831207306859
Westera, N. J. et al. (2016) ‘Towards a more effective detective’, Policing and Society, 26(1), pp. 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2014.912647 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2014.912647
Wilson, A. N. et al. (2015) Making critical thinking visible in undergraduates’ experiences of scientific research. In M. Davies & R. Barnett (Eds.). The Palgrave Handbook of Critical Thinking in Higher Education, pp. 491-508. New York: Palgrave McMillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137378057_29 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137378057_29
Woolfolk, A. (2019) Educational Psychology. New York: Pearson.
Yan, Y. H. (2016) ‘Relationship between organizational culture and organizational effectiveness: A study of nurses in Taiwan’, Studies in Health Technology and Informatics, 225, pp. 957-958.
Yu, X. et al. (2015) ‘The effect of work stress on job burnout among teachers: The mediating role of self-efficacy’, Social Indicators Research, 122(3), pp. 701-708. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-014-0716-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-014-0716-5
Yusuf, M. M. and Wanjau, K. (2014) ‘Factors affecting implementation of knowledge management practices in state corporations in the National Treasury in Kenya’, International Journal of Management Technology, 2(1), pp. 45-54.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Policy for Journals/Articles with Open Access
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post links to their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work
Policy for Journals / Manuscript with Paid Access
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Publisher retain copyright .
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post links to their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work .