Synthesis of Cobalt Nanowires on Porous Anodic Alumina Template Using Electrochemical Deposition
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.6000/2369-3355.2015.02.03.2Keywords:
Anodic alumina, electrochemical deposition, cobalt nanowires, porous templateAbstract
Electrochemical deposition has been widely used for synthesis of metal nanowires (NWs) on the porous template. In this paper, the effect of potential and electrolyte concentration on cobalt (Co) NWs formation through porous anodic alumina template has been investigated using direct-current electrodepostion at 0.75~2 V together with the high 0.5 M and low 0.1 M cobalt sulfurate based electrolyte. Scanning electron microscopy and grazing incidence X-ray diffraction were used to examine the nanostructure, morphology and phase of Co NWs. The current vs time curve was recorded for understanding the growth behavior. Too low potential of 0.75 V is not favored for Co NWs formation due to insufficient driving force while too high potential of 2 V ruins the NWs growth owing to hydrogen generation in reduction reaction. The uniform crystalline Co NWs can be obtained by the proper potential of 1V and concentration of 0.5 M at an average growth rate of 964 nm/min.References
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2011.04.122
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm047870q
[22] Chung CK, Yang CY, Liao MW, Li SL. Fabrication of copper nanowires using overpotential electrodeposition and anodic aluminum oxide template. Micro Nano Lett 2013; 8: 579-81.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/mnl.2013.0269
[23] Ramazani A, Kashi MA, Montazer AH. Fabrication of single crystalline, uniaxial single domain Co nanowire arrays with high coercivity. J Appl Phys 2014; 115: 113902.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4868582
[24] Cattaneoa L, Franza S, Albertini F, et al. Electrodeposition of hexagonal Co nanowires with large magnetocrystalline anisotropy. Electrochimica Acta 2012; 85: 57-65.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2012.08.065
[25] Han X, Liu Q, Wang J, Li S, Ren Y, Liu R, Li F. Influence of crystal orientation on magnetic properties of hcp Co nanowire arrays. J Phys D 2009; 42: 095005.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/42/9/095005
[26] Bachmann J, Escrig J, Pitzschel K, et al. Size effects in ordered arrays of magnetic nanotubes: Pick your reversal mode. J Appl Phys 2009; 105: 07B521.
[27] Cantu-Valle J, Barriga-Castro ED, Vega V, et al. Quantitative magnetometry analysis and structural characterization of multisegmented cobalt-nickel nanowires. J Magnetism Magnetic Mater 2015; 379: 294-9.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2014.12.022
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0013-4686(00)00408-4
[2] Bran C, Ivanov YP, Trabada DG, et al. Structural dependence of magnetic properties in co-based nanowires: experiments and micromagnetic simulations. IEEE Trans Magnetics 2013: 49: 4491-7.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TMAG.2013.2254704
[3] Cortes A, Lavin R, Denardin JC, et al. Template assisted electrochemical growth of cobalt nanowires: influence of deposition conditions on structural, optical and magnetic properties. J Nanosci Nanotech 2011; 11: 3899-910.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2011.3826
[4] Asano Y, Komatsu T, Murashiro K, Hoshino K. Capacitance studies of cobalt compound nanowires prepared via electrodeposition. J Power Sources 2011; 196: 5215-22.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2011.01.101
[5] Meher SK, Rao GR. Effect of microwave on the nanowire morphology, optical, magnetic, and pseudocapacitance behavior of Co3O4. J Phys Chem C 2011; 115: 25543-56.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp209165v
[6] Xuan S, Wang F, Lai JMY, et al. Synthesis of biocompatible, mesoporous Fe3O4 nano/microspheres with large surface area for magnetic resonance imaging and therapeutic applications. Appl Mater Interfaces 2011; 3: 237-44.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/am1012358
[7] McClelland GM, Hart MW, Rettner CT, Best ME, Carter KR, Terris BD. Nanoscale patterning of magnetic islands by imprint lithography using a flexible mold. Appl Phys Lett 2002; 81: 1483-5.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1501763
[8] Cui CX, Wang BL, Yang W, Sun JB. Effect of deposition voltage and Co2+ concentration on the texture and magnetic properties of Co nanowire arrays. J Cryst Growth 2011; 324: 168-71.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2011.02.016
[9] Ferre R, Ounadjela K, George JM, Piraux L, Dubois S. Magnetization processes in nickel and cobalt electrodeposited nanowires. Phys Rev B 1997; 56: 14066-75.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.56.14066
[10] Kartopu G, Yalcin O, Es-Souni M, Basaran AC. Magnetization behavior of ordered and high density Co nanowire arrays with varying aspect ratio. J Appl Phys 2008; 103: 093915.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2917191
[11] Masuda H, Fukuda K. Ordered metal nanohole arrays made by a two-step replication of honeycomb structures of anodic alumina. Science 1995; 268: 1466-8.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.268.5216.1466
[12] Routkevitch D, Tager AA, Haruyama J, Almawlawi D, Moskovits M, Xu JM. Non-lithographic nano-wire arrays: fabrication, physics, and device applications. IEEE Trans. Electron. Dev. 1996; 43: 1646-58.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/16.536810
[13] Li AP, Muller F, Birner A, Nielsch K, Gosele U. Hexagonal pore arrays with a 50–420 nm interpore distance formed by self-organization in anodic alumina. J Appl Phys 1998; 84: 6023-6.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.368911
[14] Li F, Zhang L, Metzger RM. On the growth of highly ordered pores in anodized aluminum oxide. Chem. Mater. 1998; 10: 2470-80.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm980163a
[15] Sun Z, Kim HK. Growth of ordered, single-domain, alumina nanopore arrays with holographically patterned aluminum films. Appl Phys Lett 2002; 81: 3458.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1517719
[16] Zhai T, Li L, Ma Y, et al. One-dimensional inorganic nanostructures: synthesis, field-emission and photodetection. Chem Soc Rev 2011; 40: 2986-3004.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c0cs00126k
[17] Chung CK, Zhou RX, Liu TY, Chang WT. Hybrid pulse anodization for the fabrication of porous anodic alumina films from commercial purity (99%) aluminum at room temperature. Nanotechnology 2009; 20: 055301.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/20/5/055301
[18] Minguez-Bacho I, Rodriguez-Lopez S, Vazquez M, Hernandez-Velez M, Nielsch K. Electrochemical synthesis and magnetic characterization of periodically modulated Co nanowires. Nanotechnology 2014; 25: 145301.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/25/14/145301
[19] Chung CK, Chang WT, Liao MW, Chang HC, Lee CT. Fabrication of enhanced anodic aluminum oxide performance at room temperatures using hybrid pulse anodization with effective cooling. Electrochim Acta 2011; 56: 6489-97.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2011.04.122
[20] Proenca MP, Merazzo KJ, Vivas LG, et al. Co nanostructures in ordered templates: comparative FORC analysis. Nanotechnology 2013; 24; 475703.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/24/47/475703
[21] Qin J, Nogues J, Mikhaylova M, Roig A, Munoz JS, Muhammed M. Differences in the magnetic properties of Co, Fe, and Ni 250-300 nm wide nanowires electrodeposited in amorphous anodized alumina templates. Chem. Mater. 2005; 17: 1829-34.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm047870q
[22] Chung CK, Yang CY, Liao MW, Li SL. Fabrication of copper nanowires using overpotential electrodeposition and anodic aluminum oxide template. Micro Nano Lett 2013; 8: 579-81.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/mnl.2013.0269
[23] Ramazani A, Kashi MA, Montazer AH. Fabrication of single crystalline, uniaxial single domain Co nanowire arrays with high coercivity. J Appl Phys 2014; 115: 113902.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4868582
[24] Cattaneoa L, Franza S, Albertini F, et al. Electrodeposition of hexagonal Co nanowires with large magnetocrystalline anisotropy. Electrochimica Acta 2012; 85: 57-65.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2012.08.065
[25] Han X, Liu Q, Wang J, Li S, Ren Y, Liu R, Li F. Influence of crystal orientation on magnetic properties of hcp Co nanowire arrays. J Phys D 2009; 42: 095005.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/42/9/095005
[26] Bachmann J, Escrig J, Pitzschel K, et al. Size effects in ordered arrays of magnetic nanotubes: Pick your reversal mode. J Appl Phys 2009; 105: 07B521.
[27] Cantu-Valle J, Barriga-Castro ED, Vega V, et al. Quantitative magnetometry analysis and structural characterization of multisegmented cobalt-nickel nanowires. J Magnetism Magnetic Mater 2015; 379: 294-9.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2014.12.022
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Published
2016-01-05
How to Cite
Chung, C., Wu, S., Hsu, C., Tsai, C., & Chung, I. (2016). Synthesis of Cobalt Nanowires on Porous Anodic Alumina Template Using Electrochemical Deposition. Journal of Coating Science and Technology, 2(3), 79–84. https://doi.org/10.6000/2369-3355.2015.02.03.2
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