Managing Hazardous Municipal Wastewater: A Membrane-Integrated Hybrid Approach for Fast and Effective Treatment in Low Temperature Environment
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-6037.2015.04.02.3Keywords:
Municipal wastewater, Low temperature treatment, Central composite design, membrane filtration., Fenton’s treatmentAbstract
Protection of natural water resources like lakes from the onslaught of hazardous municipal wastewater is often a challenge particularly in the cold regions. For treatment of enormous quantity of municipal wastewater, biological treatment is normally adopted but high COD (Chemical Oxygen demand) of such wastewater turns biological treatment slow and difficult. At low temperature environment, effective treatment of such municipal wastewater becomes extremely difficult due to weakened microbial activities. The present study was carried out with a hybrid approach comprising chemical treatment and membrane separation under psychrophilic conditions. Well–known Fenton’s treatment was adopted under response surface optimized conditions that helped recovery of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients as value–added struvite fertilizer or magnesium ammonium phosphate (NH4MgPO4∙6H2O). The optimal COD removal was found to be 96% at a low temperature of 15oC and pH of 6.3 using Fe2+/H2O2 ratio of 0.10 and of H2O2 1.9 g/l with reaction time of 2 h. Down–stream purification of the struvite-free water by microfiltration and nanofiltration largely fouling–free flat sheet cross flow membrane modules ultimately turned the treated water reusable through reduction of dissolved solids, conductivity and salinity.
References
Sperling MV, Freire VH, Chernicharo CAL. Performance evaluation of a UASB - activated sludge system treating municipal wastewater. Water Science and Technology 2001; 43(11): 323-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0698
Luca GD, Sacchetti R, Leoni E, Zanetti F. Removal of indicator bacteriophages from municipal wastewater by a full-scale membrane bioreactor and a conventional activated sludge process: Implications to water reuse. Bioresource Technology 2013; 129: 526-531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.11.113 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.11.113
Lin SH, Cheng KW. A new sequencing batch reactor for treatment of municipal sewage wastewater for agricultural reuse. Desalination 2001; 133: 41-51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0011-9164(01)00081-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0011-9164(01)00081-9
Guo JH, Peng YZ, Wang SY, Zheng YN, Huang HJ, Ge SJ. Effective and robust partial nitrification to nitrite by real-time aeration duration control in an SBR treating domestic wastewater. Process Biochemistry 2009; 44: 979-985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2009.04.022 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2009.04.022
Chu L, Li S. Filtration capability and operational characteristics of dynamic membrane bioreactor for municipal wastewater treatment. Separation and Purification Technology 2006; 51: 173-179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2006.01.009 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2006.01.009
Monclus H, Sipma J, Ferrero G, Roda IR, Comas J. Biological nutrient removal in an MBR treating municipal wastewater with special focus on biological phosphorus removal. Bioresource Technology 2010; 101: 3984-3991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2010.01.038 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2010.01.038
Lin H, Chen J, Wang F, Ding L, Hong H. Feasibility evaluation of submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor for municipal secondary wastewater treatment. Desalination 2011; 280: 120-126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2011.06.058 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2011.06.058
Chon K, Cho J, Shon HK. Fouling characteristics of a membrane bioreactor and nanofiltration hybrid system for municipal wastewater reclamation. Bioresource Technology 2013; 130: 239-247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.12.007 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.12.007
Devi R, Dahiya RP. COD and BOD removal from domestic wastewater generated in decentralized sectors. Bioresource Technology 2008; 99: 344-349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2006.12.017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2006.12.017
Guida M, Mattei M, Rocca CD, Melluso G, Meric S. Optimization of alum-coagulation/flocculation for COD and TSS removal from five municipal wastewater. Desalination 2007; 211: 113-127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2006.02.086 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2006.02.086
Ismail IM, Fawzy AS, Monem NMA, Mahmoud MH, El-Halwany MA. Combined coagulation flocculation pre-treatment unit for municipal wastewater. Journal of Advanced Research 2012; 3: 331-336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jare.2011.10.004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jare.2011.10.004
Zhang G, Qin L, Meng Q, Fan Z, Wu D. Aerobic SMBR/reverse osmosis system enhanced by Fenton oxidation for advanced treatment of old municipal landfill leachate. Bioresource Technology 2013; 142: 261-268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2013.05.006 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2013.05.006
Bautista P, Mohedano AF, Gilarranz MA, Casas JA, Rodriguez JJ. Application of Fenton oxidation to cosmetic
wastewaters treatment. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2007; 143: 128-134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.09.004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.09.004
Badawy MI, Wahaab RA, El-Kalliny AS. Fenton-biological treatment processes for the removal of some pharmaceuticals from industrial wastewater. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2009; 167: 567-574. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.01.023 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.01.023
Ahmadi M, Vahabzadeh F, Bonakdarpour B, Mofarrah E, Mehranian M (2005) Application of the central composite design and response surface methodology to the advanced treatment of olive oil processing wastewater using Fenton’s peroxidation. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2005; 123: 187-195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.03.042 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.03.042
Song YH, Qiu GL, Yuan P, Cui XY, Peng JF, Zeng P, Duan L, Xiang LC, Qian F. Nutrients removal and recovery from anaerobically digested swine wastewater by struvite crystallization without chemical additions. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2011; 190: 140-149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.03.015 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.03.015
Capdevielle A, Sykorova E, Biscans B, Beline F, Daumer ML. Optimization of struvite precipitation in synthetic biologically treated swine wastewater-Determination of the optimal process parameters. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2013; 244-245: 357-369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.11.054 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.11.054
Wu Y, Zhou S. Improving the prediction of ammonium nitrogen removal through struvite precipitation. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2012; 19: 347-360. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-011-0520-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-011-0520-6
Kumar R, Pal P. A membrane-integrated advanced scheme for treatment of industrial wastewater: Dynamic modeling towards scale up. Chemosphere 2013a; 92: 1375-1382. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.05.006 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.05.006
Bunani S, Yorukoglu E, Sert G, Yuksel U, Yuksel M, Kabay N. Application of nanofiltration for reuse of municipal wastewater and quality analysis of product water. Desalination 2013; 315: 33-36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2012.11.015 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2012.11.015
Zeng S, Chen J, Fu P. Strategic Zoning for Urban Wastewater Reuse in China. Water Resources Management 2008; 22: 1297-1309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11269-007-9226-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-007-9226-4
Kumar R, Bhakta P, Chakraborty S, Pal P. Separating cyanide from coke wastewater by cross flow Nanofiltration. Separation Science and Technology 2011; 46: 2119-2127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01496395.2011.594479 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01496395.2011.594479
Clesceri LS, Greenberg AE, Eaton AD (ed). Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, twentieth edn. American Public Health Association (APHA), AWWA, WEF, Washington DC, USA; 1998.
Myers RH, Montgomery DC. Response Surface Methodology: Process and Product Optimization Using Designed Experiments, first edn. John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York; 1995.
Hameed BH, Tan IAW, Ahmed AL. Optimization of basic dye removal by oil palm fiber based activated carbon using response surface methodology. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2008; 158: 324-332. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.01.088 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.01.088
Beg Q, Sahai V, Gupta R. Statistical media optimization and alkaline protease production from Bacillus mojavensisin a bioreactor. Process Biochemistry 2003; 39: 203-209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0032-9592(03)00064-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0032-9592(03)00064-5
Doyle JD, Parsons SA. Struvite formation, control and recovery. Water Resource 2002; 36(16): 3925-3940. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(02)00126-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(02)00126-4
Teixeira MR, Rosa SM, Sousa V. Natural organic matter and disinfection by-products formation potential in water treatment. Water Resources Management 2011; 25: 3005-3015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11269-011-9795-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-011-9795-0
Braghetta A, DiGiano FA, Ball WP. Nanofiltration of natural organic matter: pH and ionic strength effects. Journal of Environmental Engineering 1997; 123: 628-641. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1997)123:7(628) DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1997)123:7(628)
Kumar R, Pal P. Turning hazardous waste into value-added products: production and characterization of struvite from ammoniacal waste with new approaches. Journal of Cleaner Production 2013b; 43: 59-70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.01.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.01.001
Chakrabortty S, Roy M, Pal P. Removal of fluoride from contaminated groundwater by cross flow nanofiltration: Transport modeling and economic evaluation. Desalination 2013; 313: 115-124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2012.12.021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2012.12.021
Roy M and Chakraborty S. Developing a sustainable water resource management strategy for a fluoride-affected area: a contingent valuation approach. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 2014; 16: 341-349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10098-013-0624-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-013-0624-4
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Policy for Journals/Articles with Open Access
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post links to their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work
Policy for Journals / Manuscript with Paid Access
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Publisher retain copyright .
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post links to their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work .
