From Petrochemical to Photosynthetic: Algae-Derived Polymers for Sustainable Industrial Applications

Temitope T.  Dele-Afolabi; M.A. Azmah  Hanim; Hazim Ali  Al-Qureshi

doi:10.6000/1929-5995.2025.14.13

Authors

Temitope T. Dele-Afolabi School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
M.A. Azmah Hanim Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Malaysia and Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites Research Center, (AEMC), Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
Hazim Ali Al-Qureshi Mobility Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC, 8300, Dona Francisca Street, SC, Joinville, 89219-600, Brazil

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-5995.2025.14.13

Keywords:

Algae, Biopolymers, Algal polysaccharides, Polyhydroxyalkanoates, Drug delivery, Energy storage

Abstract

The demand for biopolymers made from photosynthetic organisms like algae is growing. This rise is driven by the global shift toward sustainable and renewable resources. This study examines the switch from conventional polymers based on petrochemicals to those derived from algae, emphasizing the potential of the latter for a variety of industrial uses. Algae, including both microalgae and macroalgae, are excellent feedstocks. They can produce various biopolymers such as alginate, carrageenan, agar, ulvan, and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). Algae grow quickly and do not compete with food crops, making them highly sustainable. Algae-derived biopolymers are useful in many applications, which include food packaging, biomedical devices, pharmaceuticals, and energy storage. Their key properties biodegradability, biocompatibility, film-forming ability, and gelling behaviormake them attractive alternatives. The study also discusses challenges such as scalability, processing methods, and market integration. It reviews the types of algae-based biopolymers, their production techniques, and performance characteristics. Overall, algae-derived polymers ultimately offer a viable route to more environmentally friendly industrial solutions, assisting in the development of a carbon-neutral and circular economy.

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