Mechanical and Rheological Properties of Polyurethane Elastomers from Hydroxy-Terminated Polybutadiene and Isophorone Diisocyanate Used as Liners for Composite Propellants
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-5995.2015.04.01.6Keywords:
Liner, rheology, applicability, case-bonded, solid rocket motor.Abstract
In this contribution, we studied mechanical and rheological properties of liners based on hydroxy terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) loaded with titanium dioxide and cured with isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) or toluene diisocyanate (TDI). A thixotropic agent (Thixin R) was added, and viscosity was measured as a function of curing time, leading to much lower viscosities and longer pot life values. Mechanical properties (tensile strength and elongation at break) were not significantly affected but viscosity was reduced at all tested concentrations. Loss modulus (G'') and storage modulus (G') were measured during cure time at three different temperatures (7, 25 and 60°C) with IPDI, and at 7 and 25°C for TDI. Both curves did not intersect during the cure period studied (120 minutes) for IPDI but did so for TDI at 25°C with the formulation having a thixotropic additive. These results suggested that liner formulations will flow if sprayed onto the inner surface of the rocket case before propellant is casted.
References
Ducruet N, Delmotte I, Schrodj G, Stankiewicz F, Desgardin N, Vallat M and Haidar B. Evaluation of Hydroxyl Terminated Polybutadiene-Isophorone Diisocyanate Gel Formation During Crosslinking Process. J Appl Polym Sci 2012; 1-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/app.38194
De Pree D. Liner Technology. Liner Development Methodology Manual. Aerojet Strategic Propulsion Company, Sacramento, California 1982.
Haska S, Bayramli E, Pekel F, Ozcar S. Mechanical-properties of HTPB-IPDI-based elastomers. J Appl Polym Sci 1997; 1 (64): 2347-354. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4628(19970620)64:12<2347::AID-APP9>3.0.CO;2-L DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4628(19970620)64:12<2347::AID-APP9>3.0.CO;2-L
Kakade D, Navale S, Narsinham V. Studies on Interface Properties of Propellant Liner for Case-Bonded Composite Propellants. J Energet Mater 2010; 21(2): 73-85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713845500 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/713845500
Randall D, Lee S. The Polyurethane Book. John Wiley, New York 2002.
Rodić V, Petrić V. The effect of curing agents on solid composite rocket propellant characteristics. Sci-Tech Rev 2005; LV: No1.
Dias Villar L, Da Silva R, Faria Diniz M, Takahashi M, Rezende L. The role of antioxidante on propellant binder reactivity during termal aging. J Aerosp Technol Manag Sao Jose do Campos 2010; 2(2): 163-168. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5028/jatm.2010.02027310
Abhay M, Monika G, Devendra PD. Empirical Modeling of Chemoviscosity of Hydroxy Terminated Polybutadiene Based Solid Composite Propellant Slurry. Malay Polym J 2010; 5(1): 1-16.
Alberton J, Martelli S, Soldi V. Obtention and Characterization of Polypropylene, Calcium Carbonate and Poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) Composites. J Res Updat Polym Sci 2012; 1: 5-13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-5995.2012.01.01.2
Reji J, Ravindran P, Neelakantan N and Subramanian N. Viscometry of isothermal polyurethane polymerization. Bull Chem Soc Jpn 1991; 64: 3153-3155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/bcsj.64.3153 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1246/bcsj.64.3153
Mahanta A, Pathak D. HTPB-Polyurethane: A Versatile Fuel Binder for Composite Solid Propellant. In “Polyurethane” Zafar F. and Sharmin E., Eds., Chapter 11, 2012; 229-262.
Benli S, Yilmazer U, Pekel F, Ozkar S. Effect of fillers on thermal and mechanical-properties of polyurethane elastomer. J Appl Polym Sci 1998; 7(68): 1057-1065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4628(19980516)68:7<1057::AID-APP3>3.0.CO;2-E DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4628(19980516)68:7<1057::AID-APP3>3.0.CO;2-E
Vara Prasad DV, Arunachalam V, Ranganathan V. Effect of the Formulation of Ingredients and the Process Parameters on the Fracture Toughness of HTPB Based Composite Solid Propellant. J Energy Chem Eng 2014; 2(3): 94-105.
Wingborg N. Improving the mechanical properties of composite rocket propellants. Stockholm, Sweden. Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Royal Institute of Technology 2004.
Barnes HA. A review of the rheology of filled viscoelastic systems. Rheol Rev 2003; 1-36.
Hirschl C, Biebl Rydl M, De Biasi M, Muhleisen W, Neumaier L, Scherf W, Oreski G, Eder G, Chernev B, Schwab W, Kraft W. Determining the degree of crosslinking of ethylene vinyl acetate photovoltaic module encapsulants—A comparative study. Solar Energy Mater Solar Cells 2013; 116: 203-218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2013.04.022 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2013.04.022
Hua-Yong L, Lu-Yao Z, Yong-Bing H, Xian-Jun Z, Xiang X, Yan-Wei W. Stick-Slip Transition Behaviour of Two High Density Polyethylene Melts on Capillary Rheometer. J Res Updat Polym Sci 2014; 26-32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-5995.2014.03.01.4
Mahanta AK, Dharmsaktu I, Pattnayak PK. Rheological Behaviour of HTPB-based Composite Propellant: Effect of Temperature and Pot Life on Casting Rate. Defence Sci J 2007; 57(4): 435-442. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.57.1791 DOI: https://doi.org/10.14429/dsj.57.1791
Muthiah RM, Krishnamurthy V, Gupta B. Rheology of HTPB Propellant. 1. Effect of Solid Loading, Oxidizer Particle Size, and Aluminum Content. J Appl Polym Sci 1992; 44: 2043-2052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1992.070441120 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/app.1992.070441120
Wang X, Yang B, Xia R, Miao J, Qian J, Chen P, Deng S. Lifescience Global Thermal Stability and Rheological Properties of Polyethylene (PE)/ Polyvinylchloride (PVC)/Wood Composites. J Res Updat Polym Sci 2012; 1: 101-109. DOI: https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-5995.2012.01.02.6
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2015 Journal of Research Updates in Polymer Science
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Policy for Journals/Articles with Open Access
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post links to their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work
Policy for Journals / Manuscript with Paid Access
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Publisher retain copyright .
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post links to their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work .
