Generation of Energy from a Single Fuel Cell Using Synthesized Solid Electrolyte Membrane from Functionalized Polyisoprene/ Carbon Nanotubes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-5995.2018.07.01.2Keywords:
Energy, sulphonation, polyisoprene, carbonanotubes, fuel cell.Abstract
Study on the electrical energy generated from a single fuel cell using a synthesized solid electrolyte membrane from polyisoprene that was impregnated with carbonanotubes was carried out. The initial functionalization of the polymer yielded an ion exchange capacity (IEC) of 4.04, 7.82, 11.1 and 15.53 mmol/g with their corresponding degrees of sulphonation (DS) of 10.93, 21.1, 30.03 and 42.02 %, respectively. The later but highest DS achieved water uptake of 49.23 wt % and proton conductivities of 4.3 x 10-3, 1.2 x 10-3 and 2.6 x 10-2 S/cm for membrane of thickness 250, 215 and 120 mm, respectively. The performance testing of the membrane in a single fuel cell achieved an open circuit voltage (OCV) of 647.23 mV with the synthesised membrane of 35 wt % catalyst loading, 589.79 mV and 410.48 mV of 25 wt % and 15 wt % catalyst loading, respectively at constant DS (42.02 %). Their corresponding power densities achieved were 68.67, 49.20 and 35.83 Mw/cm2, respectively. Thus the functionalization of polyisoprene impregnated with carbon nanotubes through the process of sulphonation with chlorosulphonic acid resulted into the development of solid polymer electrolyte membrane for fuel cell application.
References
Idibie CA, Abdulkareem AS, Pienaar HCvZ, Iyuke SE, vanDyk L. Sulphonation of Polystyrene-Butadiene Rubber with Chlorosulphonic Acid for Proton Exchange Membrane:Kinetic Study. J Appl Polym Sci 2010; 116: 3473-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/app.31888
Abdulkareem AS, Afolabi AS, Idibie CA, Iyuke SE, Pienaar HCvZc. Development of composite proton exchange membrane from polystyrene butadiene rubber and carbon nanoballs for fuel cell application. Ener Proc 2011; 14: 2026-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2011.12.1204 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2011.12.1204
Idibie CA. Properties of sulphonated polyisoprene elastomer for possible proton exchange membrane fuel cell. J Chem Soc Nig 2017; 42(2): 76-80.
Shibasaki M, Yachi T, Tatsuo T. A new direct methanol fuel cell with a zigzag folded membrane electrode assembly. J Pow Sources 2005; 145: 477-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2005.01.068 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2005.01.068
Gao Y, Gilles PR, Guiver MD, Jian X, Mikhailenko SD, Wang KS. Sulfonation of poly (phthalazinones) with fuming sulfuric acid mixtures for proton exchange membrane materials. J Mem Sci 2003; 227: 39-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2003.08.020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2003.08.020
Quan P, Zhou, B, Sobiesiak A, Liu Z. Water behavior in serpentine micro-channel for proton exchange membrane fuel cell. J pow sources 2005; 150: 131-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2005.02.075 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2005.02.075
Cheddie D, Munroe N. Review and comparison of approaches to proton exchange membrane fuel cell modelling. J pow sources 2005; 147: 72-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2005.01.003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2005.01.003
Xianguo L. Principles of fuel cells. Taylor and Francis group, LLC: New York, 2006.
Mahr AR, Sadiq A. Modelling of proton exchange membrane fuel cell performance based on semi-empirical equations. J Ren Ener 2005; 30: 1587-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2004.11.015 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2004.11.015
Hogarth WH J, Dunize JCD, Lu GO. Solid acid membranes for high temperature (>140oC) proton exchange membranes fuel cells. J Pow Sources 2005; 142: 223-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2004.11.020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2004.11.020
Iyuke SE, Mohammed AB, Kadhum AH, Daud WR, Rachid C. Improved membrane and electrode assemblies for proton conducting membrane fuel cells. J pow sources 2003; 114: 195-2. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-7753(03)00016-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-7753(03)00016-8
Idibie CA. Synthesis of Moderate Water-Uptake and Low Methanol Permeable Polymer Electrolyte Membrane from Functionalized Polyisoprene Impregnated Carbon Nanotubes. International J Mat Sci Appl 2018; 7(1): 6-2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20180701.12
Bebin P, Caravanier M, Galiano H. Nafion/Clay -SO3H membrane for proton exchange membrane fuel cell application. J Mem Sources 2005; 278, 35-2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2005.10.042
Sageetha D. Conductivity and solvent uptake of proton exchange membrane based on polystyrene(ethelene-butadiene)polystyrene triblock polymer. Euro polym J 2005; 41: 2644-2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2005.03.018 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2005.03.018
Idibie CA, Abdulkareem AS, Pienaar HCvZ, Iyuke SE, vanDyk L. Synthesis of low methanol permeation polymer electrolyte membrane from polystyrene-butadiene rubber. Polym-plast Technol Eng 2009; 48:11,1121-9. https://doi.org/10.1080/03602550903147254 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03602550903147254
Chaijie S, Yanghua T, Jian LZ, Jiujun Z, Haijiang W, Jun S, Scott M, Jing L, Paul K. PEM fuel cell reaction kinetics in the temperature range of 23 - 120oC. Electroch Acta 2007; 52: 2552-1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2006.09.008 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2006.09.008
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2018 C.A. Idibie, K.J. Awatefe, R.O. Ogboru
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Policy for Journals/Articles with Open Access
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post links to their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work
Policy for Journals / Manuscript with Paid Access
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Publisher retain copyright .
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post links to their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work .