A Comparative Analysis of Hydrogen Storage Characteristics in AZ31 Magnesium Alloy with the Addition of Graphene and Carbon Nanotubes via Ball Milling Process
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-5995.2023.12.22Keywords:
AZ31 magnesium alloy, Carbon Nanotubes, Graphene, high-energy ball milling, hydrogen storageAbstract
In the present investigation, an examination was conducted on the hydrogen storage performance of industrial waste grade AZ31 magnesium alloy when combined with either Carbon Nanotubes or Graphene. This study aims to understand the enhancement of hydrogen storage properties reinforced with polymer materials, such as Graphene or Carbon Nanotubes. The experimental samples, composed of AZ31 Magnesium Alloy combined with either Carbon Nanotubes or Graphene, were crafted through gravity casting. Thereafter, a high-energy ball milling process was employed to further refine the hydrogen storage material powders. The micrographic structures of all the sample powders were analyzed by x-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Additionally, the average particle size distributions of the sample powders were quantified for comprehensive characterization. The absorbed and desorbed hydrogen capacity and kinetics was calculated by a Sievert's type apparatus. Overall, the performance of the sample powder AZ31-0.1G showed the highest absorption and desorption at a rate of 0.0036 wt%/s and 0.0084 wt%/s. Moreover, the hydrogen capacity of AZ31-0.1G reached the highest value at 5.32 wt%. The acquired data unveils that with the adding of either Graphene or Carbon Nanotubes as additives significantly improved the hydrogen storage capacity of AZ31 magnesium alloy.
References
Li X, Yuan Z, Liu C, Sui Y, Zhai T, Hou Z, et al. Research progress in improved hydrogen storage properties of Mg-based alloys with metal-based materials and light metals. Int J Hydrogen Energy 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJHYDENE.2023.09.265 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2023.09.265
J.O. Abe, A.P.I. Popoola, E. Ajenifuja, O.M. Popoola, Hydrogen energy, economy and storage: review and recommendation. Int J Hydrog Energy 2019; 44: 15072-15086 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.04.068
Amirthan T, Perera MSA. The role of storage systems in hydrogen economy: A review. J Nat Gas Sci Eng 2022; 108: 104843. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JNGSE.2022.104843 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jngse.2022.104843
Guo L, Su J, Wang Z, Shi J, Guan X, Cao W, et al. Hydrogen safety: An obstacle that must be overcome on the road towards future hydrogen economy. Int J Hydrogen Energy 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJHYDENE.2023.08.248 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2023.08.248
Huang S-J, Lee Y-Q, Tanoto YY. Mechanical Properties Enhancement of AZ91 Magnesium Alloy Reinforced with Various Ratios of Titanium Particles and Processed by ECAP. Journal of Research Updates in Polymer Science 2023; 12: 208-212. https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-5995.2023.12.19 DOI: https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-5995.2023.12.19
Rusman NAA, Dahari M. A review on the current progress of metal hydrides material for solid-state hydrogen storage applications. Int J Hydrogen Energy 2016; 41: 12108-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJHYDENE.2016.05.244 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.05.244
Abdechafik E harrak, Ait Ousaleh H, Mehmood S, Filali Baba Y, Bürger I, Linder M, et al. An analytical review of recent advancements on solid-state hydrogen storage. Int J Hydrogen Energy 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJHYDENE.2023.10.218 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2023.10.218
Li B, Li J, Zhao H, Yu X, Shao H. Mg-based metastable nano alloys for hydrogen storage. Int J Hydrogen Energy 2019; 44: 6007-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJHYDENE.2019.01.127 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.01.127
Sui Y, Yuan Z, Zhou D, Zhai T, Li X, Feng D, et al. Recent progress of nanotechnology in enhancing hydrogen storage performance of magnesium-based materials: A review. Int J Hydrogen Energy 2022; 47: 30546-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJHYDENE.2022.06.310 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.06.310
Jorge AM, Ferreira De Lima G, Martins Triques MR, Botta WJ, Kiminami CS, Nogueira RP, et al. Correlation between hydrogen storage properties and textures induced in magnesium through ECAP and cold rolling. Int J Hydrogen Energy 2014; 39: 3810-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJHYDENE.2013.12.154 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2013.12.154
Huang SJ, Rajagopal V, Skripnyuk V, Rabkin E, Fang C. A comparative study of hydrogen storage properties of AZ31 and AZ91 magnesium alloys processed by different methods. J Alloys Compd 2023; 935: 167854. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JALLCOM.2022.167854 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2022.167854
Huang SJ, Chiu C, Chou TY, Rabkin E. Effect of equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) on hydrogen storage properties of commercial magnesium alloy AZ61. Int J Hydrogen Energy 2018; 43: 4371-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJHYDENE.2018.01.044 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.01.044
Gangu KK, Maddila S, Mukkamala SB, Jonnalagadda SB. Characteristics of MOF, MWCNT and graphene containing materials for hydrogen storage: A review. Journal of Energy Chemistry 2019; 30: 132-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JECHEM.2018.04.012
Abbas A, Lin Z Bin, Ma RL, Lin KM, Lin HC. Effects of CNTs, graphene, and organic additives on hydrogen storage performance of severely deformed ZK60 alloy. Int J Hydrogen Energy 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJHYDENE.2022.07.112 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.07.112
Huang SJ, Rajagopal V, Chen YL, Chiu YH. Improving the hydrogenation properties of AZ31-Mg alloys with different carbonaceous additives by high energy ball milling (HEBM) and equal channel angular pressing (ECAP). Int J Hydrogen Energy 2020; 45: 22291-301. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJHYDENE.2019.10.032 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.10.032
Wu CZ, Wang P, Yao X, Liu C, Chen DM, Lu GQ, et al. Effect of carbon/noncarbon addition on hydrogen storage behaviors of magnesium hydride. J Alloys Compd 2006; 414: 259-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JALLCOM.2005.07.021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2005.07.021
Gangu KK, Maddila S, Mukkamala SB, Jonnalagadda SB. Characteristics of MOF, MWCNT and graphene containing materials for hydrogen storage: A review. Journal of Energy Chemistry 2019; 30: 132-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JECHEM.2018.04.012 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2018.04.012
Huang S-J, Lai C-J, Rajagopal V, Chang W-L. Enhancing Hydrogen Storage in AZ31 Alloy through Pd/G Composite. Journal of Research Updates in Polymer Science 2023; 12: 203-207. https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-5995.2023.12.18 DOI: https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-5995.2023.12.18
Abbas A, Hussein MA, Javid M. Microstructural characterization of AM60- TixNby nanocomposite powders processed by high-energy ball milling. Mater Chem Phys 2024; 313: 128718. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.MATCHEMPHYS.2023.128718 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2023.128718
Wang Y, Liu X, Chen Y, Cai X, Zhou L. High energy ball milling composite modification of Mg2Ni hydrogen storage alloy by graphene and MWCNTs. Int J Hydrogen Energy 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJHYDENE.2023.10.125 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2023.10.125
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Policy for Journals/Articles with Open Access
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post links to their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work
Policy for Journals / Manuscript with Paid Access
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Publisher retain copyright .
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post links to their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work .