On the Wave Energy Assessment in the South China Sea
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-6002.2016.05.02.1Keywords:
South China Sea, Wave power density, Wave power stability, Relative-rich energy, DistributionAbstract
This paper presents a thirty year (1976-2005) assessment of wave energy resource within the South China Sea (SCS) by simulation. Significant wave height (SWH) between simulation and observation shows good agreement. This shows the reliability of an along-side simulated wave period in estimating wave energy in the SCS. Results show that estimates of wave power density are more reliable in the north-central SCS and most sufficient during winter. The annual mean wave power density peaked at 12.7kW/m and 12.9kW/m during years 1986 and 1999 respectively while the highest seasonal mean of 29kW/m occurred in year 1999 during winter. The wave power density is most stable in winter and is generally more stable in offshore regions of SCS. Wave power density is most stable in years 1976, 1997 and 2004 with stability values of 1.96, 1.98 and 1.9 respectively. The stability value of 0.9 in year 1980 is the greatest in the winter of all years. Relative-rich energy regions occupy the largest area during winter. The relatively richest energy is generally concentrated in the central and north-central SCS. No area is identified as a relative-rich energy region during spring. Winter 1999 has the highest relative-rich energy with value of 37kW/m.
References
Chu PC, Cheng KF. South China Sea wave characteristics during Typhoon Muifa passage in winter 2004. J Oceanography 2008; 64: 1-21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10872-008-0001-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10872-008-0001-9
Chu PC, Lu SH, Liu WT. Uncertainty of the South China Sea prediction using NSCAT and NCEP winds during tropical storm Ernie 1996. J Geophys Res 1999; 104: 11273-89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1998JC900046 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/1998JC900046
Edmons NL, Fan CW. Dynamical mechanisms for the South China Sea seasonal circulation and thermohaline variabilities. J Phys Oceanogr 1999b; 29: 2971-2989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1999)029<2971:DMFTSC>2.0.CO;2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1999)029<2971:DMFTSC>2.0.CO;2
Veneziano JM, Fan CW. Response of the South China Sea to tropical cyclone Ernie 1996. J Geophys Res 2000; 105(13): 991-14 009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JC900035
Zheng CW, Pan J. Assessment of the global ocean wind energy resource. Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev 2014; 33: 382-391. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.01.065 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.01.065
Li Y, Yu YH. A synthesis of numerical methods for modeling wave energy converter-point absorbers. Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev 2012; 16(6): 4352-4364. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2011.11.008 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2011.11.008
Falc~ao AF, DO. Wave energy utilization: A review of the technologies. Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev 2010; 14(3): 899-918. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2009.11.003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2009.11.003
Iglesias G, Lopez M, Carballo R, Castro A, Fraguela JA, Frigaard P. Wave energy potential in Galicia (NW Spain). Renewable Energy 2009; 34(11): 2323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2009.03.030 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2009.03.030
Iglesias G, Carballo R. Offshore and inshore wave energy assessment: Asturias (N Spain). Energy 2010; 35(5): 1964-1972. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2010.01.011 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2010.01.011
Akpamar A, Komurcu MI. Assessment of wave energy resource of the Black Sea based on 15-year numerical hindcast data. Appl Energy 2013; 101: 502-512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.06.005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.06.005
Zheng CW, Zhuang H, Li X, Li XQ. Wind energy and wave energy resources assessment in the East China Sea and South China Sea. Sci China Technol Sci 2012; 55(1): 163-173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11431-011-4646-z
Zheng CW, Zhou L, Huang CF, Shi YL, Li JX, Li J. The long-term trend of a sea surface wind speed and a (wind wave, swell, mixed wave) wave height in global ocean during the last 44 a. Acta Oceanol Sin 2013a; 32(10): 1-4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13131-013-0358-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13131-013-0358-5
Zhang S, Liu FY, Zhang B, Ma ZZ, Jiang B. Investigation and assessment of wave energy in coastal area of China. Ocean Technol 2012; 31(3): 79e82.
Wen B, Xue YG, Zhang FR, Zhao CY. Numerical simulation of wave energy resources in the China Sea. Mar Forecasts 2013; 30(2): 36e41.
Zheng CW, Pan J, Li JX. Assessing the China sea wind energy and wave energy resources from 1988 to 2009. Ocean Eng 2013; 65: 39-48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2013.03.006 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2013.03.006
Zheng CW, Zhuang H, Li X. Wind energy and wave energy resources assessment in the East China sea and South China sea. Sci China Technol Sci 2012; 55(1): 163e73. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11431-011-4646-z
Jianli R, Yuya L, Yingjie Z, et al. The implementation for the analysis system of ocean wave resources and the application of wave energy power generation. Journal of Zhejiang University of Technology (in Chinese) 2008; 36(2): 186-191.
Jianli R, Yuya L, Junjie C, et al. Research on wave power application by the information system for ocean wave resources evaluation. Renewable Energy (in Chinese) 2009; 27(3): 93-97.
Tolman HL. User Manual and System Documentation of WAVEWATCH-III Version 3.14.
Iglesias G, Carballo R. Choosing the site for the first wave farm in a region: A case study in the Galician Southwest (Spain). Energy 2011; 36(9): 5525-5531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2011.07.022 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2011.07.022
Cornett AM. A global wave energy resource assessment. In Proceedings of the 18th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference held in Canada 2008; pp. 318-326.
Vosough A. Wave power. Int J Multidiscip Sci Eng 2011; 2(7): 60-63.
Zheng CW, Zhou L, Jia BK, Pan JL, Li X. Wave characteristic analysis and wave energy resource evaluation in the China Sea. Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy 2014; 6: 043101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4885842 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4885842
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2016 Journal of Technology Innovations in Renewable Energy
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Policy for Journals/Articles with Open Access
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post links to their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work
Policy for Journals / Manuscript with Paid Access
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Publisher retain copyright .
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post links to their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work .
