In <i>Situ<i/> Trans-Esterification of Residual Oils in Spent Bleaching Clays from Vegetable Oil Refineries
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-6002.2016.05.02.3Keywords:
Biodiesel, ethyl ester, methyl ester, palm kernel oil, palm oil, rice bran oil, spent bleaching clayAbstract
Spent bleaching clays (SBCs) from vegetable oil refineries are industrial wastes. The clays contain large amount of oils (20-25%), which are good feedstock for biodiesels. Non-thermal in situ trans-methylation and trans-ethylation of oils in the SBC from rice bran oil (RBO), crude palm oil (CPO) and palm kernel oil (PKO) are rapid and can be accomplished in minutes with an alkaline catalyst. Thus, the process may possibly be used for large scale preparation of ethyl biodiesel.References
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[25] Phankosol S, Sudaprasert K, Lilitchan S, Aryusuk K, Krisnangkura K. Estimation of surface tension of fatty acid methyl ester and biodiesel at different temperatures. Fuel 2014; 126: 162-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2014.02.054
[26] Lertsathapornsuk V, Pairintra R, Aryusuk K, Krisnangkura K. Microwave assisted in continuous biodiesel production from waste frying palm oil and its performance in a 100 kW diesel generator. Fuel Process Technol 2008; 89: 1330-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2008.05.024
[2] Huang Y-P, Chang JI. Biodiesel production from residual oils recovered from spent bleaching earth. Renew Energy 2010; 35: 269-74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2009.07.014
[3] Ali Z, Waheed A, Iqbal H, Shah SF. Waste Bleaching Clay for Biodiesel through Base Catalyzed Transesterification of Residual Cotton Seed Oil. Asian J Chem 2016; 28: 725-32. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2016
[4] Lara Pizarro AV, Park EY. Lipase-catalyzed production of biodiesel fuel from vegetable oils contained in waste acti-vated bleaching earth. Process Biochem 2003; 38: 1077-82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0032-9592(02)00241-8
[5] Aladetuyi A, Olatunji GA, Ogunniyi DS, Odetoye TE. Production and characterization of biodiesel using palm kernel oil, fresh and recovered from spent bleaching earth. Biofuel Res J 2014; 4: 134 -8.
[6] Boey P-L, Ganesan S, Maniam G. Regeneration and Reutilization of Oil-Laden Spent Bleaching Clay via in Situ Transesterification and Calcination. J Am Oil Chem Soc 2011; 88: 1247-53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11746-011-1781-4
[7] Cunha Jr A, Feddern V, De Prá MC, Higarashi MM, de Abreu PG, Coldebella A. Synthesis and characterization of ethylic biodiesel from animal fat wastes. Fuel 2013; 105: 228-34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2012.06.020
[8] Bouaid A, Martinez M, Aracil J. A comparative study of the production of ethyl esters from vegetable oils as a biodiesel fuel optimization by factorial design. Chem Eng J 2007; 134: 93-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2007.03.077
[9] Kaewkool P, Kittiratanapiboon K, Aryusuk K, Krisnangkura K. Micro-reactor for transesterification of plant seed oils. Euro J Lipid Sci Technol 2009; 111: 474-80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejlt.200800182
[10] Fernandes DM, Serqueira DS, Portela FM, Assunção RMN, Munoz RAA, Terrones MGH. Preparation and characterization of methylic and ethylic biodiesel from cottonseed oil and effect of tert-butylhydroquinone on its oxidative stability. Fuel 2012; 97: 658-61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2012.01.067
[11] Zhou W, Konar S, Boocock D. Ethyl esters from the single-phase base-catalyzed ethanolysis of vegetable oils. J Am Oil Chem Soc 2003; 80: 367-71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11746-003-0705-1
[12] Lilitchan S, Tangprawat C, Aryusuk K, Krisnangkura S, Chokmoh S, Krisnangkura K. Partial extraction method for the rapid analysis of total lipids and
[gamma]-oryzanol contents in rice bran. Food Chem 2008; 106: 752-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.06.052
[13] Kittirattanapiboon K, Krisnangkura K. Separation of acylglycerols, FAME and FFA in biodiesel by size exclusion chromatography. Eur J Lipid SciTechnol 2008; 110: 422 - 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejlt.200700164
[14] Krisnangkura K, Tancharoon A, Konkao C, Jeyashoke N. An alternative method for the calculation of equivalent chain length or carbon number of fatty acid methyl esters in gas chromatography. J Chromatogr Sci 1997; 35: 329-32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/35.7.329
[15] Sansa-ard C, Aryusuk K, Lilitchan S, Krisnangkura K. Free energy contribution to gas chromatographic separation of petroselinate and oleate esters. Chromatogr Res Inter 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/25254
[16] O'Brien RD. Fat and Oils: Formulating and Processing for Applications CRC Press, New York, 2004.
[17] Krisnangkura K. A Simple Method for estimation of cetane index of vegetable oil methyl ester. J Am Oil Chem Soc 1986; 63: 552-3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02645752
[18] Darnoko D, Cheryan M. Kinetics of palm oil transesterification in a batch reactor. J Am Oil Chem Soc 2000; 77: 1263-7.
[19] Kok S, Ong-Abdullah M, Ee GC, Namasivayam P. Comparison of nutrient composition in kernel of tenera and clonal materials of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.). Food Chemistry 2011; 129: 1343-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.05.023
[20] Kwanchareon P, Luengnaruemitchai A, Jai-In S. Solubility of a diesel-biodiesel-ethanol blend, its fuel properties, and its emission characteristics from diesel engine. Fuel 2007; 86: 1053-61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2006.09.034
[21] Kalayasiri P, Jeyashoke N, Krisnangkura K. Survey of seed oils for use as diesel fuels. J Am Oil Chem Soc 1996; 73: 471-4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2FBF02523921
[22] Krisnangkura K. Estimation of heat of combustion of triglycerides and fatty acid methyl esters. J Am Oil Chem Soc 1991; 68: 56-8.
[23] Phankosol S, Sudaprasert K, Lilitchan S, Aryusuk K, Krisnangkura K. An empirical equation for estimation of kinematic viscosity of fatty acid methyl esters and biodiesel. J Am Oil Chem Soc 2015; 92: 1051-61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11746-015-2667-7
[24] Phankosol S, Sudaprasert K, Lilitchan S, Aryusuk K, Krisnangkura K. Estimation of density of biodiesel. Energy Fuels 2014; 28: 4633-41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef501031z
[25] Phankosol S, Sudaprasert K, Lilitchan S, Aryusuk K, Krisnangkura K. Estimation of surface tension of fatty acid methyl ester and biodiesel at different temperatures. Fuel 2014; 126: 162-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2014.02.054
[26] Lertsathapornsuk V, Pairintra R, Aryusuk K, Krisnangkura K. Microwave assisted in continuous biodiesel production from waste frying palm oil and its performance in a 100 kW diesel generator. Fuel Process Technol 2008; 89: 1330-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2008.05.024
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Published
2016-07-27
How to Cite
Phakahan, P., Aryusuk, K., Lilitchan, S., & Krisnangkura, K. (2016). In <i>Situ<i/> Trans-Esterification of Residual Oils in Spent Bleaching Clays from Vegetable Oil Refineries. Journal of Technology Innovations in Renewable Energy, 5(2), 59–67. https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-6002.2016.05.02.3
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