Anaerobic Digestion of Tannery Solid Waste for Biogas Production: The case of Modjo Tannery, Modjo; Ethiopia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-6002.2016.05.02.4Keywords:
Waste-to-energy, tannery waste management, solid waste reductionAbstract
The present study characterized the physical property, total solids (TS), volatile solids (VS) and Carbon to Nitrogen ratio (C/N ratio) of tannery solid waste (TSW). Five different combinations with or without cow dung (CD) were assessed for their biogas production suitability in triplicate batch digesters (D-1, D-2, D-3, D-4, and D-5) with a total volume of 2.8L. The results showed that TS, VS and C/N ratio of wastes were 56.37%, 76.34% and 29.05%, respectively. The results also suggested that the highest volume of biogas (4,756 ml) with a methane content of 60.37% was produced by the digester containing 75% TSW and 25% CD and the lowest biogas (2,539 ml) with quality of 68.06% was produced by digester containing 100% CD. The average methane contents of different digesters were D-1 (100% TSW) 53.23%, D-2 (75% TSW: 25% CD) 60.37%, D-3 (50% TSW: 50% CD) 58.78%, D-4 (25% TSW: 75% CD) 57.66% and D-5 (100% CD) 67.31%. Total and volatile solid removal efficiency of all digesters was in the range of 42.27-76.34% and 47.16-79.23%. The study concluded that TSW is a good feedstock for biogas production by utilizing agro-industrial based organic solid waste for bioenergy production.References
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[31] Stewart DJ, Bogue MJ, Badger DM. Biogas production from crops and organic wastes. New Zeal J SCI 1984; 27(3): 285-294.
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[34] Curcio S, Calabro V, Aversa M, Ricca E, Sansonetti S, Iorio G. Production of Biogas with Bio-conversion of Organic Solid Waste (Manure) and Food Industry Waste; Università Della Calabria, Dipartimento di Modellistica per l’Ingegneria Via P. Bucci – Cubo 39/C – 87030 Rende (CS) – Italy 2005.
[35] Yadav LS, Hesse PR. The development and use of biogas technology in rural areas a status report Improving soil fertility through organic recycling 1981; FAO/UNDP Regional Project RAS/75004.Project field Document No.10.
[36] Zhang RH. Thermophilic Digestion of Green and Food Wastes with an Anaerobic Phased Solids Digester System; California Energy Commission Report 2006.
[37] Mahony T, O'Flaherty V. Feasibility Study for Centralized Anaerobic Digestion for the Treatment of Various Wastes and Wastewaters in Sensitive Catchment Areas; Ireland Environmental Protection Agency 2002
[2] Durai and Rajasimman. Biological Treatment of tannery wastewater Review. J Environ Sci Technol 2011; 4(1): 1-17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jest.2011.1.17
[3] Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO) 2010. World statistical Compendium for Raw Hides and skins, Leather and Leather Footwear 1990-2009, Rome, Italy.
[4] Cotance. The European Tanning Industry Sustainability Review; World Summit on Sustainable Development 2002.
[5] Singh A, Sharma RK, Agrawal M, Marshall FM. Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal Toxicity through Contaminated Vegetables from Waste Water Irrigated Area of Varanasi. Journal of International Society for Tropical Ecology 2010; 51(2S): 375- 387.
[6] Thorsten R, Martin J. Dissolved organics in tannery wastewaters and their alteration by a combined anaerobic and aerobic treatment; Water Res 1997; 31: 1035-1046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(96)00382-X
[7] Buljan J, Reich G, Ludvik J. Mass balance in Leather processing. United Nations Industrial Development organization (UNIDO) - US/RAS/92/120, 2000; 11-50.
[8] United Nations Industrial Development Organization, Integrated assessment of present status of environmentally sound management of wastes in Africa, Sixth Session of the committee on Food Security and Sustainable Development (CFSSD-6)/Regional Implementation Meeting (RIM) for CSD-18 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 2009.
[9] Divakaran S. Handbook of Glue and Gelating; Indian Leather, Madras, India 1984.
[10] Vasudevan and Ravindran. Biotechnological process for the treatment of fleshing from tannery industries for methane generation. Current science 2007; 93(11): 1492-1494.
[11] Buren A. A Chinese Biogas Manual, Popularizing Technology in the Country Side. London: Intermediate Technology Publication Ltd 1979; pp. 1-135.
[12] Reijnders L, Huijbregts MA. Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Fossil Fuel Demand and Solar Energy Conversion Efficiency in European Bio-Ethanol Production for Automotive Purposes. J Clean Prod 2007; 15(18): 1806-1812. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2006.05.007
[13] Badger CM, Bogue MJ, Stewart DJ. Biogas production from crops and organic wastes. J Sci 1979; 22: 11-20.
[14] Ituen EE, John NM, Bassey BE. Biogas production from organic waste in AkwaIbom State of Nigeria. In Ernest K. Yanful editors. Appropriate Technologies for Environmental Protection in the Developing World, Ghana: Springer Science Business Media B.V 2007; pp. 93-99.
[15] APHA. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste water, 20th edition, American public Health Association, American water works Association, and water environment Federation 1998, Washington DC, USA.
[16] Adams R, MacLean F, Dixon J, Bennett M, Martin G, Lough R. The utilization of organic wastes in N.Z.; Second interim report of the inter-departmental committee. New Zealand 1951.
[17] Fulford D. Running a Biogas Programme: A Handbook. Intermediate Technology Publication, UK 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780443119
[18] Ali N, Kurchania AK, Babel S. Bio-methanization of Jatropha Curcas Defatted Waste. J Eng Technol Res 2010; 2(3): 038-043.
[19] Li Y, Park SY, Zhu J. Solid-state anaerobic digestion for methane production from organic waste. Renewable and sustainable Energy Reviews 2011; 15: 821-826. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2010.07.042
[20] Zolar S, Steffen R, Braun R. Feed Stocks for Anaerobic Digestion; Institute of Agro-Biotechnology Tullen, University of Agriculture, Vienna 1998.
[21] Pyle L. Anaerobic Digestion: Technical Options in Biogas Technology in the Third World, A multi-disciplinary review. Ottawa, Ont., IDRC 1978; 50-54.
[22] Braun R, Wellinger A. Potential of Co- digestion; IEA Bio- energy 2002, Task 37.
[23] Dahlman J, Frost C. Technologies Demonstrated at Echo; Floating Drum Biogas Digester; Echo 2001; 17391 Durance Rd, USA.
[24] Özmen P, Aslanzadeh S. Biogas production from municipal waste mixed with different portions of orange peel, University of Borås, School of Engineering, Sweden 2009.
[25] NRCS Conservation Practice Standard, Anaerobic Digester in controlled Temperature 2005; 366: 4-5.
[26] Elias J, Sulaiman H, Asfaw A, Bairu A. Study on renewable biogas energy production from cladodes of Opuntiaficus indica. J Sci Food Agric 2011; 1(3): 44-48.
[27] Monnet F. An introduction to anaerobic digestion of organic wastes, final report, Remade Scotland Ltd. Edinburgh, UK. 2003.
[28] Gomec YC, Speece RE. The role of pH in the organic material solubilization of domestic sludge in anaerobic digestion. Water Sci Technol 2003; 48: 143-150.
[29] Nina K, Miroslav H, Igor B, Viera S. Utilization of Biodiesel By-Products for biogas Production. Journal of biomedicine and Biotechnology 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/126798
[30] Manyi-Loh CE, Mamphweli SN. Meyer EL, Okoh AI, Makaka G, Simon M. Member, CBEES, Investigation into the Biogas Production Potential of Dairy Cattle Manure. JOCET 2015; 3(5).
[31] Stewart DJ, Bogue MJ, Badger DM. Biogas production from crops and organic wastes. New Zeal J SCI 1984; 27(3): 285-294.
[32] Williams PT. Waste treatment and disposal. Chichester: John Wiley and Sons 1998.
[33] Ostrem K. Greening waste: anaerobic digestion for treating the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes; M.S. thesis in Earth Resources Engineering Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering Fu Foundation of School of Engineering and Applied Science, Columbia University 2004.
[34] Curcio S, Calabro V, Aversa M, Ricca E, Sansonetti S, Iorio G. Production of Biogas with Bio-conversion of Organic Solid Waste (Manure) and Food Industry Waste; Università Della Calabria, Dipartimento di Modellistica per l’Ingegneria Via P. Bucci – Cubo 39/C – 87030 Rende (CS) – Italy 2005.
[35] Yadav LS, Hesse PR. The development and use of biogas technology in rural areas a status report Improving soil fertility through organic recycling 1981; FAO/UNDP Regional Project RAS/75004.Project field Document No.10.
[36] Zhang RH. Thermophilic Digestion of Green and Food Wastes with an Anaerobic Phased Solids Digester System; California Energy Commission Report 2006.
[37] Mahony T, O'Flaherty V. Feasibility Study for Centralized Anaerobic Digestion for the Treatment of Various Wastes and Wastewaters in Sensitive Catchment Areas; Ireland Environmental Protection Agency 2002
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Published
2016-07-27
How to Cite
Tsegaye, D., Dawit, M., & Gajananda, K. (2016). Anaerobic Digestion of Tannery Solid Waste for Biogas Production: The case of Modjo Tannery, Modjo; Ethiopia. Journal of Technology Innovations in Renewable Energy, 5(2), 68–75. https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-6002.2016.05.02.4
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