Can Bioethanol Lead Pakistan Towards Sustainability and Prosperity? A Narrative Review

Authors

  • Abeer Mohsin Jinnah University for Women, Karachi, Pakistan
  • Syeda Zehratul Fatima Jinnah University for Women, Karachi, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-6002.2019.08.02

Abstract

Economic recession, power and fuel shortage, waste management and pollution leading to global warming and climate change are few of the major issues faced by Pakistan, a developing country. These issues can be addressed to some extent by implementing policies and programmes by the government that will promote the development of the renewable energy sector in the country. Pakistan being an agricultural country has great potential to produce bioethanol, by using agricultural and municipal waste, and be able to fulfil its fuel requirements. Countries such as Canada, China and Brazil, the top producers of bioethanol in the world, can be followed as examples in terms of making policies for the growth and development of bioethanol industries. The government should make policies to replace traditional petroleum with ethanol-blended fuel to minimize the energy crisis and environmental pollution throughout the country.

Keywords: Renewable energy, pollution, economic growth, sustainable development goals, global warming, waste management.

References


[1]Moya D, Aldás C, López G, Kaparaju P. Municipal solid waste as a valuable renewable energy resource: a worldwide opportunity of energy recovery by using Waste-To-Energy Technologies. Energy Procedia 2017; 134: 286-95.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.09.618
[2]Choi IS, Lee YG, Khanal SK, Park BJ, Bae HJ. A low-energy, cost-effective approach to fruit and citrus peel waste processing for bioethanol production. Applied Energy 2015; 140: 65-74.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.11.070
[3]Hassan MH, Kalam MA. An overview of biofuel as a renewable energy source: development and challenges. Procedia Engineering 2013; 56: 39-53.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2013.03.087
[4]Dragone G, Fernandes BD, Vicente AA, Teixeira JA. Third generation biofuels from microalgae 2010; 978-84-614-6195-0.
[5]De Melo TC, Machado GB, Belchior CR, Colaço MJ, Barros JE, de Oliveira EJ, de Oliveira DG. Hydrous ethanol–gasoline blends–Combustion and emission investigations on a Flex-Fuel engine. Fuel 2012; 97: 796-804.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2012.03.018
[6]De Melo TC, Machado GB, Machado RT, Belchior CR, Pereira PP. In Cylinder Pressure Curve Simulation On Multifuel Engines-A Comparison Between A Polytrophic AndGeneral Thermodynamic Model For Gasoline, Ethanol And Natural Gas. SAE Technical Paper 2007.https://doi.org/10.4271/2007-01-2820
[7]Azhar SH, Abdulla R, Jambo SA, Marbawi H, Gansau JA, Faik AA, Rodrigues KF. Yeasts in sustainable bioethanol production: A review. Biochemistry and Biophysics Reports 2017; 10: 52-61.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrep.2017.03.003
[8]Arshad M. Bioethanol: A sustainable and environment friendly solution for Pakistan. A Scientific J. COMSATS–Sci Vision 2010; 2011: 16-7.
[9]Ozturk I. Utilizing biofuels for sustainable development in the panel of 17 developed and developing countries. Gcb Bioenergy 2016; 8(4): 826-36.https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.12287
[10]Ingale S, Joshi SJ, Gupte A. Production of bioethanol using agricultural waste: banana pseudo stem. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology 2014; 45(3): 885-92. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1517-83822014000300018
[11]Aditiya HB, Chong WT, Mahlia TM, Sebayang AH, Berawi MA, Nur H. Second generation bioethanol potential from selected Malaysia’s biodiversity biomasses: A review. Waste Management 2016; 47: 46-61.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2015.07.031
[12]Demirbas A. Biofuels sources, biofuel policy, biofuel economy and global biofuel projections. Energy conversion and management 2008; 49(8): 2106-16.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2008.02.020
[13]Ahmed T, Ahmad B, Ahmad W. Why do farmers burn rice residue? Examining farmers’ choices in Punjab, Pakistan. Land Use Policy 2015; 47: 448-58.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2015.05.004
[14]Priyanka M, Kumar D, Shankar U, Yadav A, Yadav K. Agricultural Waste Management for Bioethanol Production. InBiotechnology: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications. IGI Global 2019; pp. 492-524.https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8903-7.ch019
[15]Ministry of National Food Security & Research.Fruit, Vegetables and Condiments Statistics of Pakistan 2015-16.Islamabad: Government of Pakistan, 2016.
[16]Khaliq A, Matloob A, Hussain A, Hussain S, Aslam F, Zamir SI, Chattha MU. Wheat Residue Management Options Affect Crop Productivity, Weed Growth, and Soil Properties in Direct?Seeded Fine Aromatic Rice. CLEAN–Soil, Air, Water 2015; 43(8): 1259-65.https://doi.org/10.1002/clen.201400776
[17]Arumugam R, Manikandan M. Fermentation of pretreated hydrolyzates of banana and mango fruit wastes for ethanol production. Asian J Exp Biol Sci 2011; 2(2): 246-56.
[18]Tayyab M, Noman A, Islam W, Waheed S, Arafat Y, Ali F, Zaynab M, Lin S, Zhang H, Lin W. Bioethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass by environmentfriendly pretreatment methods: A Review. Applied Ecology and Enviromental Research 2018; 16(1): 225-49.https://doi.org/10.15666/aeer/1601_225249
[19]Irfan M, Riaz M, Arif MS, Shahzad SM, Saleem F, van den Berg L, Abbas F. Estimation and characterization of gaseous pollutant emissions from agricultural crop residue combustion in industrial and household sectors of Pakistan. Atmospheric environment 2014; 84: 189-97.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.11.046
[20]Pakistan economy survey 2017-2018, Chapter 2, Agriculture.
[21]Bano A, Irfan M. Alkali pretreatment of cotton stalk for bioethanol. Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research 2019; 54(1): 73-82.https://doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v54i1.40733
[22]Naqvi SR, Jamshaid S, Naqvi M, Farooq W, Niazi MB, Aman Z, Zubair M, Ali M, Shahbaz M, Inayat A, Afzal W. Potential of biomass for bioenergy in Pakistan based on present case and future perspectives. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2018; 81: 1247-58.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.08.012
[23]Abbas A, Yang M, Yousaf K, Khan KA, Iqbal T, Hassan SG. Comparative analysis of energy use efficiency in food grain production systems of Pakistan. Fresen Environ Bull 2018; 27: 1053-9.
[24]Gebregergs A, Gebresemati M, Sahu O. Industrial ethanol from banana peels for developing countries: Response surface methodology. Pacific Science Review A: Natural Science and Engineering 2016; 18(1): 22-9.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psra.2016.06.002
[25]Gaol RL, Octavian A, Kuntjoro YD. Strategies to Improve Bioethanol Utilization in Indonesia.
[26]Saini JK, Saini R, Tewari L. Lignocellulosic agriculture wastes as biomass feedstocks for second-generation bioethanol production: concepts and recent developments. 3 Biotech 2015; 5(4): 337-53.https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-014-0246-5
[27]Hafid HS, Shah UK, Baharuddin AS, Ariff AB. Feasibility of using kitchen waste as future substrate for bioethanol production: a review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2017; 74: 671-86.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.02.071
[28]Khichi AH. Bioethanol and Biodiesel from Second Generation Feedstocks: A Promising Solution to Energy Shortages in Pakistan. Proceeding of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences 2017; 54(2): 79-88.
[29]Su Y, Zhang P, Su Y. An overview of biofuels policies and industrialization in the major biofuel producing countries. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2015; 50: 991-1003.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.04.032
[30]Cortez LA, Baldassin Jr R. Policies Towards Bioethanol and Their Implications: Case Brazil. InGlobal Bioethanol Academic Press 2016; pp. 142-162.https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-803141-4.00006-X
[31]Gasparatos A, Stromberg P, editors. Socioeconomic and environmental impacts of biofuels: Evidence from developing nations. Cambridge University Press 2012.https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511920899
[32]Renewable Energy Agency, International.Thailand Renewable Energy Outlook Based on Renewables Readiness Assessment and REmap analysis 2017; 978-92-9260-035-8.
[33]Littlejohns J, Rehmann L, Murdy R, Oo A, Neill S. Current state and future prospects for liquid biofuels in Canada. Biofuel Research Journal 2018; 5(1): 759-79.https://doi.org/10.18331/BRJ2018.5.1.4
[34]Pischke EC, Solomon B, Wellstead A, Acevedo A, Eastmond A, De Oliveira F, Coelho S, Lucon O. From Kyoto to Paris: Measuring renewable energy policy regimes in Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Mexico and the United States. Energy Research & Social Science 2019; 50: 82-91.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2018.11.010
[35]Hongzhou Z. Development of biofuels in China: Progress, government policies and future prospects. The Copenhagen Journal of Asian Studies 2015; 33(1): 40-63.https://doi.org/10.22439/cjas.v33i1.4811

Downloads

Published

2019-12-20

How to Cite

Mohsin, A. ., & Fatima, S. Z. . (2019). Can Bioethanol Lead Pakistan Towards Sustainability and Prosperity? A Narrative Review. Journal of Technology Innovations in Renewable Energy, 8, 13–20. https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-6002.2019.08.02

Issue

Section

Articles