Differential Typology of Burnout in the Ukrainian Sample
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.6000/2292-2598.2020.08.04.19Abstract
Aim of study is a qualitative classification of manifestations of professional burnout based on quantitative indicators of exhaustion, cynicism and inefficiency. The paper substantiates the need to differentiate the symptoms of burnout from similar manifestations of professional maladjustment and personality disorders. The study involved 355 specialists of socionomic professions from different regions of Ukraine with work experience from 1 to 39 years (50.15% of men, 49.85% of women). Based on the cluster analysis of the three basic symptoms of burnout (exhaustion, cynicism, and depersonalisation), the groups of engaged and burned-out employees were identified, as well as qualitative and quantitative differences were showed. A comparative analysis of the groups was carried out for a number of additional diagnostic parameters: emotional attitude to work, the ratio of losses and gains of personal resources, the scale of psychological well-being, loyalty to the organisation. Typological profiles of 8 professional groups were created: effective employees ("engaged", "growing" and "taking" type), ineffective employees ("dependent" and "disengaged-relaxed" type), and three groups representing successive stages of burnout (accumulation of job stress, burnout itself and severe degree, accompanied by psychological distress in all spheres of life). The results allow us to conclude that particular symptoms of depersonalisation and reduction in personal achievements are not a sufficient basis for diagnosing burnout syndrome. The symptom of depersonalisation may be a manifestation of other professional deformations, not caused by burnout. Without combination with other parameters, the professional inefficiency is not a symptom of burnout; this is a common sign of insufficient development of competencies or an erroneous choice of the type of activity. Appropriate ways of organisational and psychological support are proposed.
References
Maslach C, Jackson S. The measurement of experienced burnout. J Occup Behav 1981; 2: 99-113. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.4030020205 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/job.4030020205
World Health Organization. Burnout an "occupational phenomenon": International classification of diseases. [Internet]. Geneva, Switzerland; 2019 [updated 2019 May 28; cited 2020 Nov. 5]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news/ item/28-05-2019-burn-out-an-occupational-phenomenon-international-classification-of-diseases
Schaufeli WB, Leiter MP, Maslach C. Burnout: 35 years of research and practice. Career Dev Int 2009; 14(3): 204-220. https://doi.org/10.1108/13620430910966406 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/13620430910966406
Purvanova RK, Muros JP. Gender differences in burnout: A meta-analysis. J VocatBehav 2010; 77(2): 168-185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2010.04.006 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2010.04.006
Maricuțoiu LP, Sulea C, Iancu A. Work engagement or burnout: Which comes first? A meta-analysis of longitudinal evidence. Burn Res 2017; 5: 35-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burn.2017.05.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burn.2017.05.001
Koutsimani P, Montgomery A, Georganta K. The relationship between burnout, depression, and anxiety: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Psychol 2019; 10: 284. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00284 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00284
Woo T, Ho R, Tang A, Tam W. Global prevalence of burnout symptoms among nurses: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Psychiatr Res 2020; 123: 9-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.12.015 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.12.015
Elflein J. Stress and burnout - Statistics &facts. Statista [Internet]. 2019 [updated 2019 Aug. 16; cited 2020 Nov. 5]. Available from: https://www.statista.com/topics/2099/stress-and-burnout/
Schaufeli W, De Witte H. Outlook work engagement: Real and redundant! [Editorial]. Burn Res 2017; 5: 58-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burn.2017.06.002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burn.2017.06.002
Vodopyanova NE, Starchenkova ES. Burnout syndrome: diagnosis and prevention. St. Petersburg: Piter 2008; 336 p.
Leiter MP, Maslach C. Latent burnout profiles: A new approach to understanding the burnout experience. Burn Res 2016; 3(4): 89-100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burn.2016.09.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burn.2016.09.001
Bianchi R, Schonfeld IS, Laurent E. Is burnout separable from depression in cluster analysis? A longitudinal study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2015; 50: 1005-1011. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-014-0996-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-014-0996-8
Martínez JP, Méndez I, Ruiz-Esteban C, Fernández-Sogorb A, García-Fernández J. Profiles of burnout, coping strategies and depressive symptomatology. Front Psychol 2020; 11: 591. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00591 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00591
Berjot S, Altintas E, Grebot E, Lesage FX. Burnout risk profiles among French psychologists. Burn Res 2017; 7: 10-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burn.2017.10.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burn.2017.10.001
González-García H, Martinent G, Pelegrín A. Sport emotions profiles: Relationships with burnout and coping skills among competitive athletes. Int J Sports Sci Coach 2019; 15(1): 9-16. https://doi.org/10.1177/1747954119884039 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1747954119884039
Lee YC, Huang SC, Huang CH. A new approach to identify high burnout medical staffs by kernel k-means cluster analysis in a regional teaching hospital in Taiwan. Inquiry 2016; 53: 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1177/0046958016679306 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0046958016679306
Izard KE. Psychology of emotions. St. Petersburg: Piter; 2012. 464 p.
Zhukovskaya LV, Troshikhina EG. C. Ryff'sscale of psychological well-being. Psychol J (Ru) 2011; 32(2): 82-93.
Vodopyanova NE, Nasledov AD. Standardised "Losses and acquisition of resources" questionnaire for specialists in the socio-economic professions. The Bulletin of Tver State University. Series: Pedagogy and Psychology 2013; 26: 8-22.
Dominyak VI. Organisational loyalty: a model for fulfilling employee expectations from their organisation. PhD thesis. St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia 2006.
Germanov IA, Plotnikova EB. Measuring organisational loyalty of personnel (experience of testing the Meyer-Allen methodology). The Bulletin of Perm University. Series: Philosophy, Psychology, Sociology 2011; 3(7): 106-111.
Tavrovetska N. The relationship of professional burnout of the teachers with the peculiarities of the value-sense sphere and life position. Probl Mod Psychol (Ua) 2020; 49: 296-321. https://doi.org/10.32626/2227-6246.2020-49.296-321 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32626/2227-6246.2020-49.296-321
Maslach C, Leiter M. Early predictors of job burnout and engagement. J Appl Psychol 2008; 93(3): 498-512. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.93.3.498 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.93.3.498
Kulchytska A, Fedotova T. Features of the relationship between the construct of burnout and the manifestation of aggressive forms of personality behavior. Psychol Prosp J 2019; 34: 80-93. https://doi.org/10.29038/2227-1376-2019-34-80-93 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29038/2227-1376-2019-34-80-93
Ryk HS. Research of professional well-being and loyalty of IT specialists. Modern Psychology Development Perspectives: Collection of Scientific Works of the HryhoriiSkovoroda University in Pereiaslav 2020; 6: 91-97.
Shyrokoradiuk LА. Emotions as a motivational component of using swear language. Humanitarian (Ua). Section: Psychology 2018; 40(1): 160-168. https://doi.org/10.31470/2308-5126-2019-41-1-160-168 DOI: https://doi.org/10.31470/2308-5126-2019-41-1-160-168
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
