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Abstract : Comparative Study on Growth and Conformation of Male Dumbi Lambs under Two Management Systems
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Abstract: A study was carried out on 12 male lambs of Dumbi sheep breed reared under two management systems at theDepartment of Livestock Management Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University Tando jam. The lambs of Dumbi breed were randomly divided into two groups i.e. group A and B (6 lambs in each group). The group A was reared under semi intensive management system (concentrate and open grazing) whereas animals in group B were kept under intensive management system (concentrate and green fodder). The experiment was lasted for (8) weeks and the observations for body weight and body conformation traits (girth, height and length) were recorded on weekly basis. The result indicated that the average body weight of lambs in group A (12.5 kg) was statistically higher (P<0.05) than lambs in group B (11.33 kg). Moreover, the average body conformation of Dumbi lambs of group A in respect of girth, height and length (56.83 and 40.5 cm, 41.5 cm respectively) were significantly higher than (P<0.05) the male Dumbi lambs of group B (55.33 and 39.33 cm, 40 cm respectively). While comparing the economical aspects of lambs reared under two management systems it was noted that the animals of group A were more economical (Rs.337 /lambs) compared to those of group B (Rs.245 /lambs). Result concludes that, the lambs reared under semi intensive management system (concentrate and open grazing) gained more body weight and body conformation than that of lambs reared under intensive management system (concentrate and green fodder). Keywords: Management, intensive management, semi intensive system, Dumbi sheep, male lambs.Download Full Article |
Abstract : Impacts Evaluation of Chashma Right Bank Canal on the Water-Table of District Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
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Abstract: This paper analyses the impact evaluation of Chashma Right Bank Canal (CRBC) on the water-table of district D.I. Khan, Pakistan. The study area falls in the arid agro-ecological zone of Pakistan. In order to achieve objectives of the study, data were gathered from both primary and secondary sources. Primary data were obtained through a detailed field survey, where five sample villages were also selected by random means for micro-level analysis. Out of which four from CRBC command areas and one village from outside the command area. Data were also collected during focused group discussion with the farmers and elderly people to grasp the ex post impact of CRBC on water-table. In addition to this, pre-CRBC data were obtained from WAPDA. The analysis reveals that in the study area water-table varies from area to area. A large tract of saline groundwater is available in the western section, whereas the eastern section has good quality of freshwater aquifers. After the construction of CRBC, there has been a gradual rise in water-table due to intensive irrigation, introduction of water loving crops, high cropping intensity and unlined irrigation network. The analysis further reveals that in certain areas, the rise in water-table is very alarming. Such threatening situation may encourage waterlogging, soil salinization that may halt agricultural productivity. Keywords: Impact evaluation, CRBC, water-table, saline water, cropping intensity.Download Full Article |
Abstract : Rearing of Adult Green Lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) on Different Artificial Diets in the laboratory
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Abstract: A laboratory study was conducted on rearing of adult Green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) on different artificial diets. Study was conducted under laboratory conditions at Department of Plant Protection, SAU, Tandojam, Sindh, Pakistan during 2013-14 to determined better artificial diet for mass rearing of adult C. carnea. Six diets containing water:honey:yeast i.e., D1 (20ml:2g:2g), D2 (20ml:4g:2g), D3 (20ml:6g:2g), water:sugar:yeast D4 (20ml:2g:2g), D5 (20ml:4g:2g), D6 (20 ml:6g:2g) and two diets containing water:gur:yeast i.e., D7 (20ml:2g:2g), D8 (20ml:4g:2g), D9 (20 ml:6g:2g) were tested. The results showed that maximum pre-oviposition period (11.5 ± 3.95 days) recorded, oviposition period (18.0 ± 0.91 days) and post-oviposition period (5.0 ± 0.71 days) was recorded on D4, D9 and D1, respectively. Minimum pre-oviposition period (7.25 ± 0.25 days), oviposition period (5.0 ± 1.73 days) and post-oviposition period (2.5 ± 0.87 days) was recorded on D8, D4, and D7, respectively. The highest fecundity (342.5 ± 89.55 eggs) was recorded on D9, whereas the lowest fecundity (42.5 ± 5.48 eggs) was recorded on D4. The eggs laid by female fed on D4 took lesser time (1.75 ± 0.66 days) to hatch. Maximum larval and pupal longevity was recorded in larvae of adults fed on D9. The adults lived longer for 30.0 ± 0.91 days on D9. The maximum egg hatching (55 %), larval-pupal transformation (45 %) and adults emergence (30 %) was recorded on D9. It is concluded that D9 was found the best one for mass rearing of adult C. carnea. Keywords: C. carnea, Development time, Biology, Survival, Artificial diets.Download Full Article |
Abstract : Generalized Higher Order (f, h, w, p, r, q, m)-Invexities in Parametric Optimality Conditions for Discrete Minmax Fractional Programming
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Abstract: First several new classes of higher order (Φ, η, ω, π, ρ, θ, m)-invexities are introduced, and then a set of higher-order parametric necessary optimality conditions and several sets of higher order sufficient optimality conditions for a discrete minmax fractional programming problem applying various higher order (Φ, η, ω, π, ρ, θ, m)-invexity constraints are established. The obtained results are new and generalize a wide range of results in the literature. Keywords: Discrete minmax fractional programming, (Φ, η, ω, π, ρ, θ, m)-invex functions, necessary optimality conditions, sufficient optimality conditions.Download Full Article |
