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Abstract : Effect of Different Levels of Zinc on the Growth and Yield of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL) Crop
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Abstract: An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of different levels of zinc on the yield and growth of cotton in the field of Agronomy section ARI, Tandojam during the Kharif Season 2014. Seeds of cotton were sown in rows 75 x 30 cm in row and plant spacing in soil with four replications in Randomized Complete Block Design. Six zinc levels i.e. untreated 0.0, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, 12.5 and 15.0 kg ha-1 were evaluated. The results reveals that plant height, number of sympodia plant-1, number of productive bolls plant-1, fibre length, G.O.T (%) and seed cotton yield kg ha-1 affected significantly by the zinc levels, while plant population and number of monopodial branches were not affected. Application of zinc from 5.00 to 15.00 showed similar effect. However, control resulted different in taller plants (130.55 in), while application of 15.00 kg zn ha-1 produced maximum sympodia (16.35 plant-1) however productive bolls were more at 10.00 kg zn ha-1 (50.30 plant-1). The staple length was maximum (27.00 mm) at 7.5 kg zn ha-1, while G.O.T% was greater (38.28%) at 5.00 kg zn ha-1, whereas maximum seed cotton yield was recorded at 7.5 kg zn ha-1 (2556.70 kg ha-1). For the trait of seed cotton yield plant1, there was no any difference between applications of zinc sulphates 5.00 to 7.5kg ha1 Keywords: Sowing dates, Effect, Fertilizer, Zinc, Cotton, Yield. |
Abstract : Analysis of Variability of Atmospheric Pollutants in Ambient Air of Metropolitan City Karachi, and Environmental Sustainability
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Abstract: It is well known that, air pollution is a composite phenomenon and intense air pollution events are governed by huge number of consistent factors. In this study, we considered the pollutant parameter (NO2, NO, NOx and CO) concentrations and were measured simultaneously during the period 21/11/2009 to 27/02/2010 in city of Karachi. The estimations were carried out to study the variability of pollutant emissions. Time Series analysis confirms the existence of variation in pollutant with mean daily concentration and the results suggest that the concentrations of pollutant over the interval are slowly declined. The relationships NO2 with NOx, NO with NOx and NO2 vs. CO were modeled with linear regression. The results of the linear regression detected underlying strong relationships among pollutant variables. The application of the regression approach confirmed that the NO2 strongly correlated with other paired pollutants. The study will be helpful to the policy makers to control air pollution and the sustainable environment. It also needs to extend this research to study the nonlinear behavior of atmospheric pollutants in perspective of fractal dimension. Keywords: Sustainable Environment, Air Pollution, time series analysis, environmental pollutant, traffic emissions. |
Abstract : Statistical Analysis to Explore the Factors of ICT that Effect and Promote Global Citizenship among Undergraudate Students: A Case Study of Karachi
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Abstract: This study aimed to explore the underlying relation between ICT and the factors that promote global citizenship among university undergraduate of Karachi, Pakistan through quantitative method approach. Globalization has had numerous and multifaceted effects on education policies and practices at various levels. Therefore, this study attempted to highlight the significance of ICT uses as a tool for fostering global citizenship among undergrads of both sectors in Karachi. The impact of ICT on factors that promote global citizenship among university students are also examined. The Global Citizenship Survey questionnaire was used for quantitative data. A total of 400 students from private and public sector universities participated in this study. The reliability of the responses calculated through Cronbach’s alpha and found to be almost 0.82 for all constructs. This indicates that responses are highly consistent within each construct. An advanced Multivariate Statistical tool “ Exploratory Factor Analysis” (EFA) was also carried out to identify the hidden pattern of the data and identify the most important factors of ICT that promote global citizenship. For the adequacy of data that is the data are suitable for the factor analysis Kaiser Meyer Olkin (KMO) criteria was considered and its value is found to be 0.784. This value indicates that the Global citizenship survey data are adequate and good enough to carry out factor analysis. For the interpretation and discussion of the results we consider first 5 factors with eigen value greater than 1. The results of factor analysis indicate that factors with items of high positive loading are the communication skill and world perspective. In the view of research findings it may be concluded that ICT promotes global citizenship among undergraduate university students. Keywords: Global citizenship, Information and communication technology, Factor Analysis, Non parametric. |
Abstract : Line × Tester Analysis for Earliness Yield and Yield Contributing Traits in Gossypium hirsutum L.
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Abstract: The present study was carried out at Agriculture Research Institute (ARI) Tando Jam during 2016. The experimental material consisted of six lines viz., CRIS-134, Sindh-1, Sadori, Malmal, IR-901 and three testers; Bt-3701, Bt-121 and CIM-534.The crosses were made in line × tester mating design. F1 hybrids along with parents were sown in Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications in 2016. Seven yield and early maturing traits was recorded like, days to 1st flowering, days to 75% boll opening, plant height(cm), sympodial branches plant-1, bolls plant-1, seed cotton yield-1(g) and lint (%) for estimating of combining ability. The analysis of variance showed that genotypes, crosses, parents, parent vs crosses, lines, testers and line × tester were significant which demonstrated that genetic difference were present in genotypes for various yield and early maturing parameters. Among the lines, Sindh-1, CRIS-134 and testers, Bt-121 and Bt-3701 were best combiners and F1 hybrids like CRIS-134 × Bt-3701, Malmal × Bt-3701, CRIS-134 × Bt-121 were best combiners for all characters. Keywords: Lines, testers, line × tester, cotton genotypes, phenological and yield traits. |
