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Abstract : Combination of Anti a-Gal-PpIX Conjugate and Photodynamic Therapy for the Diagnosis and Elimination of HeLa and CaSki Cells
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Abstract: The photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a specific and alternative treatment for premalignant and malignant diseases. The α-Gal epitope is expressed in red blood cells and nucleated cells of placental mammals not primates, but absent in old world monkeys, apes and humans. α-Gal epitope has been found in cervical biopsies HPV positive, in biopsies at different stages of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and in cell lines such as HeLa and CaSki. The aim of this work was to obtain IgG anti a-Gal monoclonal antibody (mAb) and evaluate its usefulness in the photodynamic therapy in order to diagnosis and eliminate infected cells by HPV, types 16 and 18. From the 4C1F6D5G7B8 hybridoma line was obtained a producer hybridoma of IgG3, the mAb was conjugated with PpIX (IgG-PpIX). The IgG-PpIX conjugated was capable of identify the α-Gal epitope present at the membrane of HeLa and CaSki cell lines by immunocitochemistry. The cell lines were exposed to IgG-PpIX and irradiated with a LED system at 635 nm at an energy dose of 64.3 J/cm2. The PDT using IgG anti α-Gal monoclonal antibody has effect on the viability of cervical carcinoma cells; the mortality results obtained were, in descendent order, HeLa (66.9 %) and CaSki (50.8 %). It was possible to conclude that PDT using the immunoconjugate IgG anti α-Gal-PpIX is effective to diagnosis and eliminate cervical carcinoma cells. Keywords: Monoclonal antibody, photodynamic therapy, Human papilloma virus, IgG, LED system.Download Full Article |
Abstract : Brain Metastases: State of the Art and Innovative Targeted Therapies
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Abstract: Brain metastasis represents the most common intracranial tumor. The metastatic process involves the migration of a cancer cell from the bulk tumor into the surrounding tissue, extravasation from the blood vessels into the tissues, and formation of a secondary tumor. Patients affected by brain metastases are in need of a multidisciplinary approach that generally includes surgical treatment and radiation therapy. Conventional chemotherapies have generally produced disappointing results, possibly due to their limited ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier. With new data regarding the biology of brain metastases, novel targeted therapies can be considered interesting and promising therapeutic options. Targeted therapies showed improved survival in patients with metastatic disease. The advent of new technologies such as graphene nanoparticles has led to the discovery of novel pathways that allow a better delivery of the therapeutic compounds to the brain. Keywords: Angiogenesis, brain metastases, graphene, microRNA, nanoparticles, targete therapy.Download Full Article |
Abstract : Cell Proliferation Measured by Ki67 Staining and Correlation to Clinicopathological Parameters in Operable Breast Carcinomas from Vietnamese and Swedish Patients
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Abstract: Background: Cell proliferation measured by Ki67 has recently been shown to be a prognostic and predictive factor in breast cancer. The aim of this study was to compare cell proliferation determined by Ki67 expression with different clinicopathologic parameters among Vietnamese and Swedish women with breast cancer. Materials and Methods:The study was based on series of breast cancer from Vietnamese patients treated in the National Cancer Hospital in Hanoi, Vietnam and from Swedish patients treated in the Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. Cell proliferation was measured by Ki67 staining in an automated procedure and was expressed as percentage of stained tumor cell nuclei. Results:The distribution and mean of Ki67 indices from Vietnamese patients were similar to those estimated from Swedish patients, 27.7% (±17.1%) vs. 26.9% (±23.1%). There were no differences between the two series of patients with respect to proliferation index and age, tumor size and lymph node status. The mean Ki67 indices were higher in high grade tumors in both series. In addition, Swedish patients had significantly higher Ki67 indices in tumors associated with other poor prognostic factors as compared to Vietnamese, 52.8% vs. 31.9% in ER(-) tumors, 39.6% vs. 30.7% in PgR(-) tumors and 40.1% vs. 28.3% in HER2 amplified tumors, respectively. Conclusions: The cell proliferation index in breast cancers was similar in the Vietnamese and Swedish series. High proliferation was associated with poor prognostic factors such as high grade, hormone receptor negativity and HER2 amplification. Keywords: Breast cancer, Immunohistochemistry, Ki67 staining, biomarkers, comparative study. Download Full Article |
Abstract : Implant-Based Breast Reconstruction vs TRAM Flap Breast Reconstruction: Solving Problems in a More Simple Way
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Abstract: Background: The surgical management of breast cancer is clearly evolving towards less invasive procedures. We are turning away from high priced medicine and are turning toward solving problems in more practical, simple and inexpensive ways. The purpose of this study was to evaluate immediate breast reconstruction with expanders and implants versus pedicled TRAM Flaps in terms of costs, complication rates, revision rates, operating room time, length of hospital stay and number of secondary procedures. Methods: A review of 152 immediate breast reconstructions over a 10 year period from april 2000 and December 2010 performed at our Institution, reconstructive techniques included TRAM Flaps in 70 patients and tissue expanders followed by implants in 82 patients. Results: In the TRAM Flap group the mean operative time was 5.1 hours, the mean length of hospital stay was 4.2 days and revision surgeries were performed in 6 patients (8.5%). In the implant based group the mean operative time was 2.6 hours (including the mastectomy), the mean length of hospital stay was 1.9 days and revision surgeries were performed in 6 patients (7.3%). On the basis of this review of autologous and prosthetic breast reconstruction in a 10 year period with a mean follow up time of 5.1 years for both groups, prosthetic reconstruction was significantly less expensive. Keywords: Breast reconstruction, Breast Cancer, Complications, Flaps. Download Full Article |
