jpans
Abstract : Histological Assessment of Pioglitazone Preventive Effect in Glycerol Contrast-Induced Nephropathy in Rats
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Abstract: Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) remains as a problem of radiographic procedures with high incidence and mortality rates. This study aims to histologically assess the ability of Iohexol to induce nephropathy in rats injected with Glycerol; then investigate the Pioglitazone renoprotective effect on this CIN model in rats. 35 male Albino Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=7/group): healthy (A), Glycerol (B), Glycerol+ Iohexol (C), Glycerol + Iohexol + Pioglitazone (D), Pioglitazone alone (E). Groups (B), (C), and (D) were intramuscularly injected with Glycerol 25% (10 ml/kg). Iohexol (350 mg I/ml, 8,6 ml/kg) was injected through a caudal vein in groups (C) and (D). Pioglitazone (10 mg/kg) was orally administered for 4 days, to groups (D) and (E). Rats were sacrificed on the fifth day. Kidney samples were collected for histological assessment. The results show that the histopathological scores and kidney weight / body weight ratio in group (C), were significantly increased compared with group (B) and (A). These changes were significantly reversed in rats treated with Pioglitazone (group D). In conclusion, Iohexol could cause renal injury in rat kidneys previously damaged by Glycerol. Pioglitazone was able to protect the kidneys from histological alterations. Keywords: |
Abstract : Effects of Quercetin and Omega-3 Combination on Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NFκB) Expression Level in Pancreatic Tissue of Rats with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus
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Abstract: Background: Hyperglycemia increases nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) expression and promotes cellular injury. Quercetin and omega-3 are expected to regulate NFκB expression. This study aims to measure the effect of combination therapy with quercetin and omega-3 in lowering the expression of NFκB in the pancreatic tissue of rats with type-2 DM as compared to those treated with monotherapy with either agent. Methods: This experimental study involved the use of a paraffin block of pancreatic tissue from 24 male Wistar rats aged 3 months, weighing between 250 g and 350 g. All rats underwent induction of type-2 DM and were divided into 4 groups: K1 (treated daily with placebo), K2 (treated with quercetin at 20 mg·kgBW-1·d-1), K3 (treated with omega-3 at 100 mg·kgBW-1·d-1), and K4 (treated with quercetin at 20 mg·kgBW-1·d-1 and omega-3 at 100 mg·kgBW-1·d-1). Treatments were administered orally for four weeks. Once the treatment was completed, samples of pancreatic tissue were collected for the measurement of the percentage of NFκB expression using immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. Results: The average level of NFκB expression in the pancreatic nuclei of DM rats treated with the combination of omega-3 and quercetin was significantly lower than that of those treated with placebo, quercetin only, or omega-3 only (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The combination of quercetin at 20 mg·kgBW-1·d-1 and omega-3 at 100 mg·kgBW-1·d-1 is significantly more effective in lowering the percentage of NFκB in pancreatic nuclei than monotherapy with either agent. Keywords: |
Abstract : Preemptive Effects of Administration of Tualang Honey on Inflammatory Responses in Adult Male Rats
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Abstract: Background: Honey was reported to reduce pain and inflammation from burn wound. To date, no study has compared between the effects of Tualang honey and prednisolone on inflammatory responses in rats. This study has examined the effects of Tualang honey and prednisolone on inflammatory pain and its associated inflammatory responses secondary to formalin injection. Methods: Twenty-one Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomised into control, Tualang honey (1.2 g/kg) or prednisolone (10 mg/kg)groups. Formalin test was conducted and the rats were sacrificed at four-hours post-formalin injection. Serum was collected for measurement of leukocytecounts and interleukins level. All data were analysed using one-way ANOVA with post-hoc Scheffe’s or Dunnet’s C test. Significance level was taken as less than 0.05. Results: Tualang honey and prednisolone groups had significantly reduced pain behaviour and paw edema compared to control group. Tualang honey group demonstrated a significant increase in blood neutrophil count while prednisolone group had significant reduction in blood lymphocyte and monocyte counts compared to control group. Only interleukin-6 level was significantly reduced in honey group. Both interleukin-6 and -8 levels were significantly reduced in prednisolone group. Conclusions: Tualang honey is comparable to prednisolone in modulating the inflammatory pain responses in rats; however, with regards to local and systemic inflammatory responses, it has differential effects compared to prednisolone. Keywords: |
Abstract : Effect of Different Meltable Binders on the Disintegration and Dissolution Behavior of Zolmitriptan Oromucosal Fast Melt Tablets
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Abstract: Objective: Fast melt tablets and sublingual route have been widely used for providing quick onset of action with the avoidance of first pass metabolism. The objective of this work was to compare the effect of different meltable binders namely; polyethylene glycol (PEG) 4000, pluronic F127 and pluronic F68 on the performance of fast release tablets of the model drug zolmitriptan prepared using the melt granulation technique regarding disintegration time (DT) and dissolution rate (DR) as criteria for rapid absorption and hence quick onset of action. Zolmitriptan is a potent antimigraine drug. Current oral zolmitriptan tablets suffer fromslow onset of action, poor bioavailability and large inter-subject variability. Methods: 33 factorial design was adopted. The effect of binder type, binder concentration and croscarmellose sodium (disintegrant) concentration were studied on DT and DR. Results: The three factors were found to significantly affect the DR and the inverse square root of DT and significant interactions were elucidated. Conclusion: Although satisfactory results were obtained regarding DR, modifications using different excipients and or preparation methods should be considered to comply with pharmacopoeia requirement for DT. Keywords: Melt granulation technique, fast release sublingual tablets, meltable binders, intragranular desintegrant, PEG4000, F68, F127. |
