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Abstract : Dehydrogenation Catalyst for Organic Hydride on the Basis of Superheated Liquid-Film Concept
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Abstract: Reversible reaction couples of hydrogenation and dehydrogenation of organic compounds e.g. methylcyclohexane and toluene, or 2-propanol and acetone, are described in terms of hydrogen supplier to fuel cells, which will satisfy our demands of combined heat and power at various compact sizes. Carbon supported nano-sized metal particles, wetted with the liquid substrate in a reactor, was used for conversion of organic hydrides into hydrogen and organic compounds, being separable by distillation. Vigorous nucleate boiling is important for heat transfer as well as for irreversible bubble evolution, leading hydrogen to the vapor phase. Once the bubble is broken at the interface, catalytic hydrogenation will be prohibited, because gaseous hydrogen is unable to dissolve into the boiling liquid. Catalytic dehydrogenation under superheated liquid-film conditions can thus convert low-quality heats into hydrogen energy. Keywords: Dehydrogenation catalyst, Organic hydride, Superheated liquid-film.Download Full Article |
Abstract : A Comparative Study on the Performance of Fiber-Based Biosorbents in the Purification of Biodiesel Derived from Camelina sativa
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Abstract: Biodiesel has received great interest as a promising substitute for petrodiesel. Biodiesel purification which follows the transesterification process is typically carried out using a wet washing process that generates large amounts of wastewater. Consequently, alternative methods are emerging as sustainable options for biodiesel purification. One of such methods is a dry washing process. In this paper, the performance of three dry washing media (commercially available BD-Zorb, sawdust and wood shavings) were evaluated as potentially suitable options for the purification of biodiesel derived from Camelina sativa. The results indicate that for the crude camelina biodiesel with an initial soap content of 9007 ppm, BD-Zorb exhibited the best purification performance. The soap removal capacity of BD-Zorb, sawdust, and wood shavings was 51.1 mL/g, 24.4 mL/g, and 9.4 mL/g respectively. The primary mechanism of soap removal using sawdust and wood shavings media was physical filtration and adsorption. While for adsorbent BD-Zorb, soap removal mechanism included adsorption and ion exchange due to the existence of a small amount of resins. The ion exchange led to a high acid number (1 mg KOH/g) of the purified biodiesel, and failed to meet the ASTM D6751 specifications (<0.5 mg KOH/g). Keywords: Drying washing, purification of biodiesel, adsorbent, wood waste, Camelina sativa.Download Full Article |
Abstract : Quantitative Analytical Model of the Formation Damage by Gel Particles
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Abstract: Formation damage by gel particles has become one of the most important problems in mature reservoirs. The objective of the quantitative analytical model is to identify an analytical model to the best fit of the preformed particle gels (PPGs) filtration test results. This work will analyze the experiments results of low permeability core samples to evaluate the effect of various brine concentrations and particle sizes. This study used a linear analytical model relationship between cumulative volumes versus filtration time with a good fits result. Linear curve equations for the best fitting equation was obtained. According to quantitative analytical model for all of our filtration tests, the cumulative filtration test volume (Vcf) was explained in this paper. Quantitative analytical model results showed the value of the slop m increases as the injection pressure increases. Compared with the experiments, the results show that, if the value of the intercept b > 2 the damage occurred because the gel particles invasion started into the core surface. Results from the quantitative analytical model were indicated to have a good fitting with almost all of the experimental results. It is the first time to use quantitative analytical model to analysis the formation damage by the PPGs. The results can be used to select the best gel treatment design. Keywords: Quantitative Analytical Model, Formation Damage, Conformance Control treatments Design, Preformed Particle Gels, Mature Reservoirs.Download Full Article |
Abstract : Toward Resilient, Inclusive and Vital Technological Infrastructures for the Energies of the Landscape
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Abstract: Today, the implementation of energy infrastructure needs a complex “dialogue” between two apparently different aspects: technical aspects that characterize the processes of production and transformation of energy for the territory, and socio-ecological aspects related to the biological, organizational, and economic variables for cultural, creative, and productive energies of the territory. This new dimension of designing and building the energy infrastructures replaces to the classic esthetical idea of the landscape an integrated vision of human habitat in which innovations play a key role for the redefinition of relationships between téchne, bios and oikos. On these subjects, this article proposes a reflection on a methodological approach to re-think energy infrastructures as technological-environmental interfaces between land resources, energy needs, living dynamics, and inhabiting practices of territories and cities. Four possible scenarios are presented starting from some research experiences developed on Italian Abruzzo region. Through these experiences, emerges a new strategic, tactic and operational framework for the design of energy infrastructures. A new design framework in which energy infrastructures can contribute to re-build relations and connections between the acceptance/correlation of technological innovations and resilience, inclusiveness and vitality of the landscape. Keywords: Resilience, Inclusiveness, Vitality, Energy Infrastructure, Technological Design.Download Full Article |
