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Editor’s Choice : Inhibitory Effects of the Edible Mushroom Flammulina velutipes on Lipid Accumulation in 3T3-L1 Cells
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Abstract: We investigated the inhibitory effect of the edible mushroom Flammulina velutipes on intracellular lipid accumulation. Among the five fractions of the F. velutipes extract, the acetone fraction had an inhibitory effect on intracellular lipid accumulation. Seven known compounds were isolated from the acetone fraction: methyl linoleate, methyl γ-linolenate, ergosterol, ergosta-5,7-dien-3b-ol, ergost-7-en-3b-ol, ergosterol peroxide, and 5,6-epoxy-24(R)-methylcholesta-7,22-dien-3b-ol. Ergosterol peroxide exhibited a potent inhibitory effect on the intracellular lipid accumulation. Our results indicate that ergosterol peroxide may be important as an anti-obesity agent since it inhibits the metabolic syndrome. Keywords: Flammulina velutipes, ergosterol peroxide, 3T3-L1 cells, lipid accumulation.Download Full Article |
Editor’s Choice : Lymphocytes from Peyer’s Patches and Mesenteric Lymph Nodes Proliferation in a Model of Oral and Systemic Sensitization with Ovalbumin
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Abstract: Background: In previous works we demonstrated that subcutaneous sensitization with Ovalbumin (OVA) induce generation of specific IgE antibodies and modifications of immune cells populations in different mucosal sites in rabbit. The aim of the study was the evaluation of OVA specific lymphoproliferation in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), spleen and Peyer’s patch from OVA orally and subcutaneous sensitized and challenged rabbits. Methods: New Zealand white rabbits were divided into six groups: G1 (n=8): orally sensitized and challenged with OVA; G2 (n=10): subcutaneous sensitized with OVA and oral challenged (OVA); G3 (n=10): subcutaneous sensitized and oral challenged with PBS (phosphate buffer saline). G4-G5 and G6 (n=9 each) controls. Four hours after challenge animals were sacrificed and obtained samples were processed for lymphoproliferation studies: isolated cells from MLNs, spleen and Peyer’s patch from the different groups were suspended in culture media containing OVA or Concanavaline A and were cultured for 48, 72 and 120 hours. Proliferation was measured as incorporation of radioactive element as counts per minute (CPM). Results: Spleen derived lymphocytes showed important proliferation at subcutaneous sensitized groups when incubated with OVA. Meanwhile, proliferation was significantly higher in lymphocytes originated in MLNs from subcutaneous OVA sensitized and oral challenged rabbits at 48, 72 and 120 hours of incubation. No significant proliferation was observed in Peyer’s Patch derived lymphocytes. Conclusions: We conclude that proliferation of OVA-specific spleen originated lymphocytes was successful after systemic sensitization but after oral challenge with the antigen, only OVA incubated MLNs-originated lymphocytes showed proliferation as compared with Peyer’s patch. This fact evidence a main participation of MLNs in this model of food allergy. Keywords: Rabbit, Mesenteric Lymph Nodes, Peyer’s Patch, Ovalbumin, Sensitization.Download Full Article |
Editor’s Choice : Biological Effects of Manganese Oxide Nanoparticles after Peroral Intake
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Abstract: Nanodispersed manganese oxide is a unique substance with a high application potential in nanoelectronics and nanooptics. The scientific literature contains little information about the biological effects and toxic action of this substance after it enters a human body. The biological effects were studied in Wistar rats after intragastric administration of manganese oxide for 30 days. The effects included loss in the body mass, activation of oxidation processes (increased level of lipid hydroperoxides, MDA in the blood serum), decrease in the antioxidant activity (inhibited antioxidant activity in the blood serum), damaged hepatocyte membranes (higher serum AST and ALT levels), and protein synthesizing liver function abnormalities (low albumins, high gamma globulins in the blood serum). Keywords: Manganese oxide, nanoparticles, hepatotoxity,digestive tract.Download Full Article |
Editor’s Choice : On the Potential Effect of Increased Dietary Intake of Fruits and Vegetables on Biomarkers of Lipid Peroxidation in Type 2 Diabetes Patients
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Abstract: The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that an increased consumption of fruits and vegetables up to 600 g per day in type 2 diabetes patients can reduce oxidative damages to lipids. After a clinical examination, 29 type 2 diabetes patients were divided into two groups: the first one did not receive any special instructions about the diet while the second one received fruits and vegetables consumption advices thanks to a picture catalogue describing types of fruits and vegetables as well as quantities to be eaten every day. After two months of intervention, plasma concentrations in vitamin C, b-carotene and polyphenols remained unchanged in both groups when compared to baseline values. No significant decrease in lipid peroxidation as evidenced by nine biomarkers (malonaldehyde as TBAR’s, lipid peroxides, oxidized LDL, antibodies against oxidized LDL, isoprostanes, 7-keto-cholesterol, 7b-hydroxycholesterol, 4-hydroxynonenal metabolite, LDL size) was also noted. In conclusion, our findings confirmed the fact that the effect of high intake of fruits and vegetables on reducing oxidative damage to lipids remains largely controversial even in patients having an oxidative stress profile. Moreover, the present leaves open the question of the most appropriate markers of lipid peroxidation since only small correlations were evidenced between the large battery of tests investigated. Keywords: Oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, fruits, vegetables.Download Full Article |
