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Abstract: Media reports of the continued violence and discrimination experienced by African Foreign Nationals1 in South Africa have brought into the forefront victimisation of this sector, despite pledges by the government and law enforcement agencies to put a stop to it. This is also linked to current social milieu debates taking place within international trends on migration. Studies and evidence have shown that although the attitudes towards foreign nationals vary across South Africa's socio-economic and ethnic spectrum, foreigners who live and work in South Africa do face discrimination by citizens, some government officials, members of the police, and by private organisations who are contracted to manage their detention and deportation. This research, with a qualitative approach, explores the persistent issues that threaten African Foreign Nationals. Fifty participants were selected through a purposive sampling technique. The main aim of this research was to examine the issues that threatened the safety and security of African Foreign Nationals in Durban, South Africa. It was found that offences such as physical assault (i.e. Grievous Bodily Harm - GBH), arson, rape, verbal abuse, house robberies, property damage as well as discrimination were serious crimes perpetrated against African Foreign Nationals which was often characterised by xenophobic violent attacks against them. Keywords: Victimisation, South Africa, Migrants, Foreign Nationals, Discrimination. |
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Abstract: The advancement of digital technology in the industrial 4.0 era has impacted the growth of economic and financial crime, especially financial technology, or Fintech. It was not followed by legal development to overcome these impacts; therefore, to overcome a gap in financial crime that uses digital technology as a tool in committing crimes, new effective and efficient concepts and methods are needed. One fitting theory is the notion of following the money utilizing the method of a financial crime investigation. This approach uses investigative audit and forensic accounting to trace assets over the profits of the crime. However, to implement the method, it is necessary to modify the substance of the legal system to shift the orientation from the orientation of proof of error to proving the proceeds of crime. The article finds that in the aspect of structure, a synergistic and harmonious coordination system is needed between law enforcers and all related parties. While in the aspect of legal culture, the development of community economic infrastructure is needed, especially business transactions that support data-based systems. Keywords: Financial crime, fintech, follow the money, financial criminal investigation. |
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Abstract: This study focuses on the experiences of children as victims of abduction into forced child marriage in Lesotho. The study pays attention to children living in the rural area of Semonkong, where patterns of abduction into forced marriage are common. The objectives were, to explore factors that contribute to incidents of a child forced marriages, to determine the effects of a child forced into marriages. The study used a qualitative research method. A sample of 10 participants (all women aged 21-51) from the Semonkong area in Lesotho were sampled using Snowball sampling. In-depth interviews were used to collect data and were analyzed thematically. The findings: families use cultural practice as a means to exact power and authority to exploit children to escape poverty. Most girls were abducted without their consent, threatened, and were continuously violated in their marriages. They experienced damaging and degrading psychological effects from abduction but more so in their marriages. They endure all sorts of abuse and never reported the incident to the police. Recommendations: Preventing forced child marriage requires strengthened legal and policy frameworks, to ensure increased awareness and greater enforcement of existing laws. Keywords: Abduction, crime, victim, children, forced marriage, victimization. |
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Abstract: The study focuses on the emerging phenomenon of abda’u ritual at the Eid al-Adha celebration in the month of Dhu al-Hijjah. Eid al-Adha celebration by the Tulehu society in the Moluccas, Indonesia is to identify the trust and values local tradition as a form of struggle, defense and flag upholding, struggle for sacrificial animals with ideology upholding of Islamic teachings. This ritual uses the communication media of three goats to be sacrificial animals and is distributed to three the indigenous village which is contested by abda’u participants. This research employed a subjective interpretive paradigm with an ethnographic communication approach pioneered by Dell Hymes based on a symbolic interaction perspective the abda’u ritual at the Eid al-Adha celebration. The symbol of devotion to Allah is a distribution by sharing with other communities that become the glue to arouse sacrifice through the sentence Lailaha ilallah muhammadarrasulullah. The findings show that the abda’u communication ritual is formed based on awareness to preserve the procession of the sacrifice of the sacrificed animals, and the social solidarity, syiar of Islam, enforcing Islam ideological through devotion to Allah. Keywords: Abda’u ritual, Ethnographie communication, Symbolic interactionist perspective. |
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Abstract: Societies are sustainable if they consist of a mixture of users with various interests, needs, and abilities. Sustainable societies are defined as structures that include different elements in a balance to remain healthy over the long term. One of the key elements of a sustainable society is gender equality. It can be maintained through various factors where architectural design and the built environment can become effective instruments. Although the role of architecture in gender issues is sometimes ignored, its reflection can be seen in the built environment in many different instances. Therefore, architecture has the responsibility to remark gender issues in the built environment to aid in meeting the needs of a sustainable society. This paper presents a study that examines the importance and the role of architectural design in a sustainable society through gender equality in the built environment. The hypothesis of the paper states that the built environment is perceived differently by women and men, and it needs to be designed accordingly. The methodology consists of a literature review on the relationship of gender and architecture, and a quantitative analysis of a questionnaire conducted in Istanbul, Turkey among women and men. Outcomes of the study reveal that gender equality in the built environment and gender equality in the society have a mutual relationship, so that architecture needs to consider them as primary input data in design. Keywords: Built environment, architectural design, sustainable society, social sustainability, gendered space. |