Investigating the Effect and Immunity of Tissue Plasminogen Activator in the Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke  - Pages 100-106

Gholam Reza Shamsaei, Shahram Rafie and Zeinab Rahimi

DOI: https://doi.org/10.6000/2292-2598.2020.08.02.2
Published: 15 May 2020

Abstract: Background and Objective: Although current evidence has demonstrated the efficacy and immunity of Alteplase, further studies are needed to evaluate its functioning in the therapeutic system. This study aims to assess the effect and immunity of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke (AIS).

Methods: This study was conducted as a retrospective observational study on patients with AIS referred to Ahvaz Golestan Hospital in 2017-2018. By using the hospital database, demographic information, the cause of lack of thrombolytic therapy, the onset of symptoms and admission were extracted. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) at the time of referral, 24 hours after treatment, and at the time of discharge, the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores at discharge time and 3 months after discharge, complications and mortality at the time of admission and 3 months after discharge were recorded.

Results: The mean of the event to needle (hrs) was significantly lower in the tPA group (P <0.0001), and delay in visiting time and loss of golden time were of the main reasons for not receiving tPA in the control group. The mean difference and the decrease in NIHSS score 24 hours after admission and discharge in the tPA group was significantly higher (P <0.0001). At the time of discharge, the mean score of mRS in the two groups was not significantly different. Three months after treatment, the mean score of mRS in the tPA group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P <0.05). The percentage of patients with bleeding complications was higher in the tPA group (7.27%) than that in the control group (4.89%). The percentage of deaths during the hospital stay in the tPA group (3.64%) was higher than that in the control group (1.63%).

Conclusion: Patients with AIS under intravenous thrombolytic therapy with tPA showed improvement in functional measurements and neurological outcomes compared with the control group. Lack of significant difference in the rate of complications and mortality between the two groups indicated the safety and high efficacy of thrombolytic therapy in patients with AIS.

Keywords: Acute ischemic stroke, Thrombolytic therapy, NIHSS, mRS.

Knowledge and Attitude of Preschool Children Parents Towards Professional Topical Fluoride Therapy  - Pages 679-687

Shirin Taravati and Negin Lak

DOI: https://doi.org/10.6000/2292-2598.2020.08.04.11

Published: 27 November 2020

Abstract: Purpose: Since various factors such as parents' attitudes and knowledge can affect the use of fluoride, this study aims to assess the relationship between children's parents' attitudes and knowledge towards preventive caries methods with their children's caries experience.

Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 110 parents of preschool children in Ahvaz were randomly selected. Using a questionnaire, parents' knowledge and attitude about fluoride therapy were evaluated, and their children's teeth were examined for dmft. Data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests.

Results: The mean of parents' knowledge about caries prevention methods was 2.22 ±3.23 of 9, and the knowledge of 68% was poor, 21% moderate, and 11% was good. The mean of parents' attitude about caries prevention techniques was 9.5±2.05 of 14, and the attitude of 0% was poor,60% moderate, and 40% was good. There was no significant relationship between parents' knowledge with gender, age, education, source of information, and dmft. There was a direct relationship between knowledge and the experience of professional topical fluoride (PTF). There was no significant relationship between the attitudes of parents with gender, the history of PTF, and the source of information. There was a direct, significant relationship between parents’ attitude and their educational level, age, and child’s dmft. Children's experience of PTF was 18.6%.

Conclusion: Parents' knowledge and attitude towards fluoride roles in the prevention of dental caries were low. So, assigning programs to increase parents' knowledge and, subsequently, using caries prevention techniques is suggested.

Keywords: Knowledge, Attitude, Parents, Prevention, Caries.

Investigating the Prevalence of Latent Tuberculosis among Healthcare Workers of Major Hospitals of Ahvaz, Iran - Pages 237-242

Amir Hooshang Bavarsad, Esmaiel Idani and Maryam Haddadzadeh Shoushtari

DOI: https://doi.org/10.6000/2292-2598.2019.07.04.6

Published: 18 November 2019

Abstract: Background and Objective: Healthcare and laboratory workers in hospitals have a higher exposure to hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) than the general populations. Tuberculosis (TB) infection is a common HAI that is communicated from the patients with TB admitted or hospitalized in the healthcare centres. This study aims to determinate the incidence and prevalence of latent TB infection among healthcare workers in the major Hospitals in Ahvaz, Khuzestan province, Iran.

Methods: This is a case-control study conducted on healthcare workers diagnosed with TB between January 2010 to December 2017. The study population consisted of healthcare workers of the three major hospitals of Ahvaz, Khuzestan including Imam Khomeini Hospital, Golestan Hospital and Shafa Hospital. All subjects underwent Mantoux tuberculin skin test (TST) and after 48 to 72 hours the reaction was measured as the length of induration. The induration equal to or greater than 10 mm was considered as positive TB. Moreover, the subjects and controls were asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire on potential risk factors for TB.

Results: Among 513 subjects, male and female subjects were respectively 186 and 327. Of all subjects, 67 subjects (male: 42; female: 25) showed positive TST (10 mm ≤ induration) and 275 subjects showed 5 mm >induration. There was a significant relationship between TST result and the workplace of the subjects. Gender showed no significant relationship with the TST result.

Conclusion: All healthcare workers who are in direct contact with TB patients must undergo regular TB screening test and the workers should be trained for self-conducting TST.

Keywords: Tuberculosis (TB), healthcare workers, laboratory workers, prevalence, Ahvaz.

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Language Teaching Methods to Students with Special Needs- Pages 154-159

Farida Orazakynkyzy, Uzakpayeva Sakipzhamal, NurlanovaVinara, Savankova Marina and Kabylgazina Klara

DOI: https://doi.org/10.6000/2292-2598.2018.06.04.4

Published: 31 December 2018

Abstract: The idea of this research paper arose out of an awareness that students with language learning disabilities are completely ignored in the educational system and there are no special programs that cater to these students. They are placed in normal schools that are not prepared to deal with their unique difficulties. This paper, therefore, is an attempt to provide teachers with multiple-strategies models for teaching English language skills to these students at the intermediate level and beyond. More specifically, this research will help pre-and in-service teachers to:

Thus, the target audience of this research includes pre-and in-service regular teachers, special education teachers, school psychologists, counsellors, and administrators.

Keywords: Language, teaching, methods, students, special needs.