Neural Correlates of Causal Inferences and Semantic Priming in People with Williams Syndrome: An fMRI Study  - Pages 698-709

Ching-Fen Hsu

DOI: https://doi.org/10.6000/2292-2598.2020.08.04.13

Published: 27 November 2020

Abstract: This study aimed at examining the ability of causal inferences and semantic priming of people with Williams syndrome (WS). Previous studies pointed out that people with WS showed deviant sentence comprehension, given advantageous lexical semantics. This study investigated the impairment in connecting words in the semantic network by using neuroimaging techniques to reveal neurological deficits in the contextual integration of people with Williams syndrome. Four types of word pairs were presented: causal, categorical, associative, and functional. Behavioural results revealed that causal word pairs required heavier cognitive processing than functional word pairs. Distinct neural correlates of semantic priming confirmed atypical semantic linkage and possible cause of impairment of contextual integration in people with WS. The findings of normal behaviours and atypical neural correlates in people with WS provide evidence of atypical development resulted from early gene mutations.

Keywords: Neuroimaging, Williams syndrome, causal inference, semantic priming, atypical development.

Nonverbal Communication as a Means of Social Integration: The Development of Nonverbal Communication in Primary Schoolers with Intellectual Disabilities  
- Pages 610-618

Oksana V. Zashchirinskaia

DOI: https://doi.org/10.6000/2292-2598.2020.08.04.3
Published: 27 November 2020

Abstract: Objective: The study of nonverbal communication in primary schoolers with intellectual disabilities is an urgent topic for medical psychology.

Background: The purpose of this paper is to study nonverbal communication as a means of social integration.

Method: The methodological basis of this study is represented by various theoretic methods of scientific cognition. Methods of synthesis and analysis, system analysis of data and analysis of literary sources were used. In the context of the study, papers of foreign authors on the topic of nonverbal communication were considered.

Results: The study of the nonverbal communication development in primary school-aged children will allow for more successful socialisation of children with mild mental retardation, which in turn partially compensates for the intellectual impairment, and will also reduce the risks of social isolation.

Conclusion: This study is of practical value for psychologists and educators who work with children with a certain level of intellectual disability.

Keywords: Schoolchildren, communication, intellectual disability, psychological influence, socialisation.

New Trends of Teaching Methodology in Embroidery Classes to Children with Intellectual Disability - Pages 157-161

Abizhanova Assem, Almukhambetov Berikzhan, Kanapyanova Raushan, Mukhanova Ainur, Zhapalova Kamila and Kapessova Taniya

DOI: https://doi.org/10.6000/2292-2598.2019.07.03.13

Published: 12 September 2019

Abstract: One of the priority tasks of school education is the formation of personality and its basic culture, including aesthetic one. However, the influence of art on the education of a person depends to a certain extent on his aesthetic development. It brings pleasure and enjoyment only to a person who has the appropriate training and is sufficiently aesthetically educated.

The task of the correctional school is to provide students with the necessary aesthetic training, to introduce them into the big world of art, to make it an effective means of learning about the surrounding reality, development of thinking and moral perfection.

All of the above determines the relevance of the problem of aesthetic education of children with mental retardation in circle embroidery.

Purpose of the study is theoretically substantiated and experimentally test the system of correctional and pedagogical work on the aesthetic education of younger school children with intellectual disabilities in circle embroidery classes.

Keywords: Teaching methodology, embroidery, quality in Education, trends, learners with ID.

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On the Formation of Critical Thinking of Students of a Higher Educational Institution  - Pages 388-395

Maral D. Yessekeshova, Kulyan Zh. Ibrayeva, Gulnar K. Kaltayeva, Nazymgul Albytova and Zhanar S. Bekbayeva

DOI: https://doi.org/10.6000/2292-2598.2020.08.03.15
Published: 14 September 2020

Abstract: Objective: The paper examined for the first time the features of the formation of systemic critical thinking of students of a higher educational institution, using systemic methods specially developed for this.

Background: Unfortunately, there is practically no specific technology or even a method that specifically solves the problem of forming critical thinking. Nevertheless, each person who did not even receive the skills of critical thinking in the learning process possesses this type of thinking to some extent.

Method: The method of systemic structuring and studying information about the objects in question solves important tasks of developing ways of thinking that are very relevant for future specialists. Implementing the methods of systemic cognition of the studied objects and the surrounding reality ensured the development of the systematic knowledge, skills, and systemic and other relevant ways of thinking and a systematic approach in cognitive and other activities.

Results: The peculiarity of what has been said is that students in the process of implementing this method learn and develop simultaneously the proposed types of activities (actions) and the corresponding ways of thinking, including critical ones, determined by them. The particularly important result of the implementation of a systematic approach and systematic methods developed on its basis is the formation of systematic-critical thinking.

Conclusion: The concept of systematic-critical thinking has been developed. Using a systematic approach as a scientific method allowed to significantly transform not only theory and practice but also existing traditional technologies of the formation of critical thinking.

Keywords: Educational process, methods of cognition, teaching methods, research methods, work with text.