ijcs
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Abstract: The article describes and examines the significance of the rule of the voluntary refusal to commit a crime, as well as explores its general and special signs. It is noted that the voluntary refusal to commit a crime is the rule contained in any modern, progressive law. In this vein, there are different theoretical approaches to the determination of its value and signs. The signs are debatable in nature, and their establishment by the law enforcer may cause difficulties. The difference between voluntary refusal to commit a crime, which is implemented in three functions, is determined, definitions of general signs of voluntary refusal are proposed, their content is clarified. Special signs of voluntary refusal are disclosed. Keywords: Voluntary refusal to commit a crime, signs of voluntary refusal, stages of a crime, preparation for a crime, attempted crime, criminal liability. |
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Abstract: In recent times, displacement has caused quite a lot of devastating conditions which could be physical or psychological and has equally become a topical subject of concern, attracting the attention of counselling community, various organisations, personnel, and researchers. Havocs of various degrees are being wrecked by different kinds of violence and disaster, rendering their sufferers who most times are women and children, helpless and disgruntled. Oftentimes, the physical needs of most vulnerable IDPs such as food, shelter among others seem to enjoy and receive prompt consideration. But their psychological needs appear to be least attended to. Therefore, this paper looks at the dilemma of vulnerable internally displaced persons (VIDPs) and how solution-focused brief therapy can be adopted and employed for effective rehabilitation and re-integration based on the awareness of the importance of counselling and psychological support. Solution-focused brief therapy as a means of counselling intervention and reasonable conclusions were drawn as well as few enhancing recommendations were suggested. Keywords: IDPs, SFBT, Vulnerable IDPs, counselling intervention. |
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Abstract: Previous research finds that variations in sentencing outcomes still exist among similarly situated individuals, especially among drug offenders. While courtroom actors are often the focus of sentencing disparities, law enforcement officers are rarely studied. This is problematic because criminological research has yet to explore whether law enforcement could influence sentencing decisions. The current study aims to discover the influence of a previously ignored legal variable, investigation workload, on sentence length and directly examine an untested criminal justice theory, Optimal Law Enforcement Theory. This study will explore these overlooked concepts with a rare dataset that contains information on individuals convicted of prescription drug trafficking in Florida from 2011-2013. We find that investigation workload does influence sentencing, with offenders convicted from a high police workload being significantly more likely to experience longer sentences than offenders convicted from a low investigation workload. Limitations and policy implications are also discussed. Keywords: Courtroom Actors, Investigation Workload, Law Enforcement, Optimal Law Enforcement, Sentencing. |
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Abstract: The article discusses what the Islamic segment of the Ru.net came to with for the twentieth anniversary of its existence. Using the communication theory of J.Habermas and based on the analysis of Gary Bunt’s work on cybernetic presence of Islam, it is considered how the development of the blogosphere and social networks change the communication and form the special type of Islamic public sphere through the personal pages of preaches - what topics and questions raised and how this commutation formulates the modern Russian Muslim’s vision. The effect of the social and cultural issues of the Muslims rules have been studied in the literature review. The Internet is turning into a kind of platform for expressing theological ideas, notation Mazhabic priorities and functioning models of the Muslim Ummah. Keywords: Internet, social network, Islam in Russia, cyber-imam, Muslims. |
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Abstract: In terms of political function, religion is usually defined by criminologists/sociologists as an institution of social control. While religion can assist state managers to maintain the status quo and to safeguard social order, religion, under certain circumstances, can become an antisocial force as well. In this paper, the criminogenic side of religions will be examined. By using the Chinese folk religion as an example, this paper will demonstrate that polytheistic religions can become unstable social organizations. Four topics will be addressed in this paper. First, the research paradigms that can help crime researchers examine the subject of religious misconduct will be summarized. Then the features shared by polytheistic religions will be proposed. The third part will look at the primary traits of Chinese folk religion. Finally, by using the Chinese folk religion as an instance, the diverse contexts under which polytheistic religions can breed deviant/criminal behaviors will be analyzed. Keywords: Crime of trust, Crime of obedience, Karma, Rebirth, Sex Crime. |