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Abstract: This paper reviews ten published articles on deterrence that address the interaction of stakes in conformity with the perception of legal risk. These articles are classified by types of stakes in conformity examined, such as marriage, education, and employment, and more general types of stakes in conformity, such as social identity. Analysis of evidence suggests that some individuals with low stakes in conformity may be less deterrable by legal sanctions and for those with high stakes in conformity, legal sanctions, such as imprisonment, may increase recidivism. The results, however, continue to show an incongruence between whether and which stakes in conformity act as a consistent deterrent. Keywords: Interaction, Deterrence, Stakes in conformity, Police Domestic Violence, Recidivism, Legal Sanctions.Download Full Article |
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Abstract: The research is aimed at examining the perceptions and attitudes of prisoners employed in enterprises in prison vis-à-vis employment and deriving conclusions regarding the impact of employment on the lives of prisoners in prison and its contribution to advancing their rehabilitation. Doing time is generally a painful experience, both physically and mentally, and often adversely influences prisoners’ life after release. Programs and activities have been developed in prisons in many countries, including Israel, to mitigate these impacts and at the same time reduce recidivism following release. A key such program is employment in enterprises within the prison walls, including training of prisoners in a variety of professions. In the framework of the present qualitative research 20 prisoners employed in enterprises in Israeli prisons were interviewed, and these aired their perceptions regarding employment and its effects. Three main themes and 18 sub-themes defining the attitudes of the prisoners to the issue emerged from the interviews. The first two themes are: employment provides benefits and alleviates the pains of imprisonment; and employment helps prisoners’ rehabilitation. The third theme emerging from the statements of an isolated number of prisoners is: employment is an act of exploitation on the part of the Prison Service and serves no useful purpose. The overall conclusion of the study is that employment in enterprises in prison is generally perceived by the prisoners as positive and contributory, in terms of both reducing the damage caused by imprisonment and raising the likelihood of the prisoner being rehabilitated through employment following his release. Keywords: Rehabilitation, employment programs, pains of imprisonment, employment in prison. |
The entire Editorial and Publishing team of the International Journal of Criminology & Sociology is thankful to the following scholars for serving as independent referees and conducting the peer reviewer of manuscripts submitted to IJCS. The rigorous peer review of the articles has enabled us to maintain the excellence of the journal and improve the quality of the content of the published work as well.
Reviewers
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Aaron Fichtelberg |
University of Delaware, Newark, United States |
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Siswantari Pratiwi |
Universidad de Moron- Argentina, Ciudad de Buenos Aires- Argentina |
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Adongoi Toakodi |
Yenagoa Local Government, Bayelsa State , Nigeria |
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Ntouka V. Afrodite |
University of the Aegean, Rhodes, Greece |
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Neneng Nurhasanah |
Universidad de Moron- Argentina, Ciudad de Buenos Aires- Argentina |
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Luchetu Likaka |
Africa Nazarene University , Nairobi, Kenya. |
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Amani Saleh Alessa |
College of Business Studies, Kuwait |
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Armin Alimardani |
University of Wollongong, Wollongong |
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César M. Fuentes |
El Colef, Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, México. |
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Daniel Briggs |
Universidad Europea, Madrid, Spain |
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Sergey B. Kulikov |
Universidad de Moron- Argentina, Ciudad de Buenos Aires- Argentina |
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Daniel Eduardo Feierstein |
Conicet/ Untref/ UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina |
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David Baker |
Texas Southern University, Houston Texas U.S.A. |
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Anita Kamilah |
Universidad de Moron- Argentina, Ciudad de Buenos Aires- Argentina |
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David Tokiharu Mayeda |
The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand |
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Dianne Dentice |
Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches |
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Dmitry Bakharev |
Perm Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service, Perm, Russian Federation |
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Ergali Bayldinov |
Shakarim State University, City of Semey, Kazakhstan |
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Melissa Jardine |
Universidad de Moron- Argentina, Ciudad de Buenos Aires- Argentina |
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Gregory A. Lindsteadt |
Missouri Western State University, St. Joseph, Missouri, USA |
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Hanliang Fu |
Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, China |
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Hilmi S. Salem, |
Sustainable Development Research Institute, Bethlehem, Palestine |
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Hiroshi Tsutomi |
University of Shizuoka,Shizuoka, Japan |
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Hua-Lun Huang |
University of Louisiana, Lafayette, USA |
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Christine Dewi |
Universidad de Moron- Argentina, Ciudad de Buenos Aires- Argentina |
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Ignazio Grattagliano |
University of Bari, Italy |
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Jibowu Olubokun |
West London National Health Service Trust & Ealing Community Partners, London , United Kingdom |
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Leman Johan |
KU Leuven, Belgium |
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John K. Cochran |
University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida |
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Febri Nurrahmi |
Universidad de Moron- Argentina, Ciudad de Buenos Aires- Argentina |
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Mamta Patel |
Harisingh Gour University, Sagar, India |
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Nurul Fitri |
Batanghari University, Jambi, Indonesia |
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Marini Kasim |
Universidad de Moron- Argentina, Ciudad de Buenos Aires- Argentina |
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Panagiotis J. Stamatis |
University of the Aegean, Rhodes, Greece. |
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Raed Najjar |
ENSA école nationale supérieure d'architecture, Normandy, France |
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Ramezan Mahdavi Azadboni |
University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran |
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Ravikanth B. Lamani |
University of Mysore, Karnataka, India |
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Ronit Peled-Laskov |
Ashkelon Academic College, Israel |
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Lisman Manurung |
Universidad de Moron- Argentina, Ciudad de Buenos Aires- Argentina |
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Rosanna Langer |
Laurentian University, Sudbury Canada |
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Sajad Nabi Dar |
Lovely Professional University,Phagwara Jalandhar Punjab, India |
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Salih Ceylan |
Bahçeşehir University,Istanbul, Turkey |
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Sandra Margaret Hoffman |
Cape Town, South Africa. |
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Seema Rani Pathak |
Amity University Haryana,Gurugram, India |
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Eleni Nikolaou |
Universidad de Moron- Argentina, Ciudad de Buenos Aires- Argentina |
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Sudirman Nasir |
Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia |
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Vicente Humberto Monteverde |
Universidad de Moron- Argentina, Ciudad de Buenos Aires- Argentina |
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Irit Adamchuk |
Bar Ilan University, Israel |
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Algirdas Astrauskas |
Mykolas Romeris University,Vilnius,Lithuania |
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Ning YE |
Zhejiang Police College, Hangzhou,China |
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Mirzaee Siavash |
Universidad de Moron- Argentina, Ciudad de Buenos Aires- Argentina |
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Leonid Baltovskij |
Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering,Russia |
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Odoma Samuel |
Bingham University, Karu, Nasarawa State, Nigeria |
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Dmitry Bakharev |
Perm Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service, Perm, Russian Federation |
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Noralina Omar |
University of Malaya,Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. |
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Gale Iles |
Universidad de Moron- Argentina, Ciudad de Buenos Aires- Argentina |
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Dodik Ariyanto |
Universitas Udayana, Bali, Indonesia |
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Ni Putu Rai Yuliartini |
Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha, Bali, Indonesia |
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Erond Litno Damanik |
Universitas Negeri Medan, Medan, Indonesia |
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Nuraedah |
Tadulako University, Palu, Indonesia |
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Sukardi Sh Mhum |
National University of Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia |
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Rofi Wahanisa |
Faculty of Law, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia |
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Mahrus Ali |
Indonesian Islamic University, Indonesia |
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Edhei Sulistyo |
Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang , Indonesia |
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Nur Rochaeti |
Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia |
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Bambang Slamet Riyadi |
Universitas Nasional, Jakarta, Indonesia |
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zalmizy |
Universiti Utara Malaysia, Sintok, Kedah, Malaysia |
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Nabitatus Saadah |
Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia |
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Loui Nyahunda |
University of Limpopo, Sovenga, South Africa |
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Andrii Trofimov |
Taras Shevchenko Kyiv National University, Kyiv, Ukraine |
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Abstract: The Young Offenders Act that entered Spanish law in 2000 represents a significant attempt to place personalised educational programmes for young people with social/criminal problems at the centre of policy and practice. This paper examines the teams and educational programmes designed to manage and implement the goal of ‘re-socialisation’ enshrined in the Act. This paper focuses on an analytical typology of the educational styles used at young offenders institutions in Spain. The analysis highlights the differences between styles in relation to the key underlying objectives of social reorientation and citizen empowerment. The wide range of models experimented with in different Spanish regions has great relevance to youth justice systems in other countries. For example, the typology we put forward has concrete implications for recent developments in England, in the light of moves towards establishing a national network of “Secure Colleges” for convicted young people. Keywords: Young offenders, education, rehabilitation, juvenile delinquency, secure colleges.Download Full Article |
Editor’s Choice : Aging Prisoners: A Brief Report of Key Legal and Policy Dilemmas
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Abstract: Background: The social phenomenon of the aging of the prison population has raised various legal and policy challenges. Objective: The goal of this brief report is to describe the current key legal-policy dilemmas in this field. Methods: A computerized search for legal documents, articles and studies using relevant key words was conducted in computerized databases. Results: Five key dilemmas were found: (1) Early and compassionate release of older prisoners; (2) Segregation or integration of older prisoners; (3) Heaven or hell? The meaning of imprisonment in old age; (4) Fixed v. tailored sentences to older offenders; and (5) Is prison the right place to send older offenders? Conclusion: Evidence regarding the unique socio-medical needs of older prisoners does not provide easy or simple answers to the legal-policy dilemmas in this field. Hence, as of today, the scholarly discussions in this field seem to be more normative (what "should" be the solution) rather than empirical (what "is" the evidence-based solution). Therefore, more empirical evidence is needed in order to design old-age based legal-policies towards older prisoners. Keywords: Older prisoners, elderly prisoners, elder law, geriatric jurisprudence, jurisprudential gerontology.Download Full Article |