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Abstract: Fern is a seedless vascular plant that reproduces via spores and has various usefulness. This study was carried out to optimize the conditions of leaf protein concentrate extraction using ultrasound from defatted fern type Diplazium esculentum. The extraction of defatted fern protein was conducted using ultrasound. Rotatable central composite design (RCCD) of response surface methodology was used for identification of the best condition and extraction yield optimization. An attempt with genetic algorithm optimization was also carried out and revealed that optimized results were of highest desirability as compared to response surface methodology. The final optimum results, by using genetic algorithm was observed to be 21.12 min of sonication time, 56.88 °C temperature, 7.59 pH and 66.2 ml of solvent for an optimum protein yield of 33.79% where desirability value was 1.00. UHPLC analysis of the sample revealed the presence of all the essential amino acids, except tryptophan. Keywords: Leaf protein concentrate, Diplazium esculentum, GA, Optimization, Response surface methodology, Genetic algorithm.Download Full Article |
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Abstract: Globally, more than 30 million people suffer from diabetes mellitus type 1 (T1DM) characterized by pancreas producing little or no insulin hormone to facilitate glucose entering cells for energy production. T1DM patients tend to suffer a higher overall rate of atherosclerosis, cancer, and end-stage renal failure. No drug or surgical therapy seems to halt its annual upward trend amongst children and young adults. Consequently, a significant number of sufferers turn to complementary or alternative therapies for help to arrest this chronic endocrine condition. This paper discusses how a well-designed evidence-based dietary and nutritional therapy with some lifestyle modifications might offer a solution for this highly complex autoimmune disorder. The treatment outcome demonstrated a partial regeneration of pancreatic islet beta cells with substantial improvement for all relevant serum and urine markers tested. Keywords: Type 1 diabetes mellitus, insulin-dependent diabetes, juvenile diabetes, autoimmune disorder, nutritional therapy.Download Full Article |
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Abstract: The antimicrobial activity of three varieties of Vigna unguiculata L. Walp seed oil (LBS-1, LBS-2 and LBS-3) were investigated against five Gram positive bacteria (Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus subtilis, Sarcina lutea, Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus) and four Gram negative (Escherichia coli, Shigella dysenteriae, Shigella sonnei, Shigella shiga) and four fungi (Penicilium spp., Mucor spp., Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatius). The LBS-1 oil at the concentration of 400 μg/ disc showed the highest activity againstSarcina lutea (19±0.1 mm) than that of LBS-2 (14±0.3 mm) and LBS-3 (12±0.3 mm) oil whereas LBS-3 oil showed highest activity against Staphylococcus aureus (16±0.1 mm) than that of LBS-1 (10±0.6 mm) and LBS-2 (13±0.4 mm) oil.All the three oils are active against the three tested fungi namely Penicilium spp., Mucor spp. and Candida albicans but showed no sensitivity against Aspergillus fumigatius. Keywords: Plant oil, seed oil, Vigna unguiculata, antibacteria, antifungi.Download Full Article |
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Abstract: Globally, more than 30 million people suffer from diabetes mellitus type 1 (T1DM) characterized by pancreas producing little or no insulin hormone to facilitate glucose entering cells for energy production. T1DM patients tend to suffer a higher overall rate of atherosclerosis, cancer, and end-stage renal failure. No drug or surgical therapy seems to halt its annual upward trend amongst children and young adults. Consequently, a significant number of sufferers turn to complementary or alternative therapies for help to arrest this chronic endocrine condition. This paper discusses how a well-designed evidence-based dietary and nutritional therapy with some lifestyle modifications might offer a solution for this highly complex autoimmune disorder. The treatment outcome demonstrated a partial regeneration of pancreatic islet beta cells with substantial improvement for all relevant serum and urine markers tested. Keywords: Type 1 diabetes mellitus, insulin-dependent diabetes, juvenile diabetes, autoimmune disorder, nutritional therapy.Download Full Article |
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Abstract: In this study, two Lactobacillus (LAB) strains namely, Lactobacillus rhamnosus EMCC 1105 (L. rhamnosus) and Lactobacillus gasseri EMCC 1930 (L. gasseri) were tested for their antagonistic activities against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) which are known to be frequently implicated in biofilm infections. The acidic cell free culture supernatant (CFS) of 24 h and 48 h cultures of both LAB stains showed antimicrobial effects against the three pathogens in radial diffusion assay. These effects were abolished upon neutralization of CFS indicating that this effect was due to acids only. Both LAB strains could effectively inhibit the biofilm formation of the three test pathogens and largely replaced them on polystyrene surfaces as demonstrated by crystal violet staining, viable count and scanning electron microscopy. Both of the tested LAB strains could inhibit the protease productivity of S. aureus in 24 h and 48 h dual species-biofilms. The supernatant of 24 h-dual biofilms of P. aeruginosa with L. gasseri also showed a significantly lower protease activity compared to that of P. aeruginosa individual biofilm. Neither LAB strains affected phospholipase C production by the test pathogens when they co-exist during biofilm formation. The different preparations of LAB strains caused no significant change in the levels of gamma interferon expressed by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in response to stimulation by the test pathogens in vitro. In conclusion, L. gasseri and L. rhamnosus can be considered as promising tools for combating biofilm infections. Keywords: Probiotics, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus gasseri, Biofilm, Antibiofilm, Gamma interferon. |
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