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Abstract: Background: Gestational trophoblastic tumors originate from trophoblastic tissues and secrete human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG). Surgical treatment may be a line of treatment of chemoresistant cases. Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of hCG dipsticks in detection of hCG in tissues of trophoblastic tumors and healthy myometrium during surgery of trophoblastic tumors. Methods: We included 19 samples of tumor and apparently healthy myometrial tissues during surgical treatment of 5 cases of gestational trophoblastic tumors. The hCG dipstick was immersed in a solution containing 1x1 cm of tumor or myometrial tissues. The results of the tests were compared to the histopathological results. Results: The mean age of patients were 38.8 years, the mean parity was 3.4. The mean serum B-hCG level was 101,745.6 mu/ml. Except for one specimen in case 5, all results of the hCG dipsticks were concordant with final histopathologic analysis of the specimens. Sensitivity of hCG test was 100% and specificity was 90%. Conclusion: Intraoperative detection of hCG in different tissues and suspicious masses can be considered as simple, rapid, inexpensive, and reliable test. It can be used to detect the trophoblastic nature of tissues if frozen section is not available as some low resource setting countries. We recommend further larger prospective studies to compare the accuracy and reliability of this novel technique and frozen section analysis. Keywords: Trophoblatic tumors, surgery, hCG test. Download Full Article |
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Abstract: The anthocyanins, coumarins, and casearins are interesting compounds due to their chemical and biological properties. In the present study, the in vitro effect of 4´-O-methyl-gallocatechin (an anthocyanin), columbianatin (a coumarin), and casearin G on the mitogenic response and phagocytic activity from whole blood cells, was evaluated. In addition, the cytotoxic effect of these compounds on the cell lines B16/BL6 (murine melanoma) and COS-7 (kidney fibroblasts transfected with SV40 virus) was measured by a colorimetric assay (MTS/PMS, IC50: inhibitory concentration) and the sulphorhodamine B assay (GI50: growth inhibition, TGI: total growth inhibition, LC50: lethal concentration). The results show that 4´-O-methyl-gallocatechin and columbianatin reduced lymphoproliferation. Columbianatin reduced both the phagocytic index and the percentage of phagocytic monocytes/macrophages. Casearin G showed both cytotoxic (IC50, LC50) and cytostatic (GI50) effects against the tumor cells, B16/BL6 (IC50 = 30.8 μM; GI50 = 12.4 μM; LC50 = 34.7 μM) and COS-7 (IC50 = 137.3 μM; GI50 = 3.8 μM; LC50 = 29.9 μM). In conclusion, 4´-O-methyl-gallocatechin and columbianatin showed immunosuppressive properties in vitro while casearin G was the most cytotoxic. Keywords: 4´-O-methyl-gallocatechin, columbianatin, casearin G, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, B16/BL6 melanoma, COS-7. Download Full Article |
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Abstract: Functional nanomaterials have inspired revolutionary methods for cancer early diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. For instance, the imaging property of nanomaterials with high resolution and sensitivity can be used for noninvasive detection of cancer and visualization of drug transport. Meanwhile, the therapeutic property of nanomaterials with controllable fashion will increase therapy efficacy and decrease adverse side effect. Thus, compared to traditional treatment approaches, the nanomaterials which combines imaging and therapeutic functionalities, will be more suitable for cancer theranostics. This review introduces several types of inorganic nanoparticles, including silica nanoparticles, upconversion nanoparticles, iron oxide nanoparticles and gold nanoparticles, which can been explored as theranostic nanoplatforms for simultaneous cancer imaging and therapy. We also cover the ongoing challenges of these nanoparticles in clinical applications. Keywords: Theranostic, inorganic nanomaterials, silica nanoparticles, upconversion nanoparticles, iron oxide nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles. Download Full Article |
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Abstract: Purpose: Determine incidence of fluoroquinolone-resistant bacteria complications among patients following prostate biopsy at New York Medical College, NY. Materials and Methods: Retrospective chart review of 229 consecutive patients receiving prostate biopsy between 2009 and 2013 at New York Medical College, NY. Each was administered a Fleet enema the morning of and a three-day course of ciprofloxacin starting the day before biopsy. Results: The 1.3% (3/229) of patients developed infectious complications following biopsy. Each of the (3/3) species isolated was fluoroquinolone-resistant. Among patients developing infectious complications, all had prior exposure to fluoroquinolones and all infectious complications were fluoroquinolone-resistant. Conclusion: This study highlights the need for confirming the patient’s exposure history with fluoroquinolones and considering another class of antibiotics for patients with prior fluoroquinolone exposure to avoid infectious complications following prostate biopsies. Keywords: Flouroquinolone-resistance, antibiotic resistance, prostate biopsy. Download Full Article |
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Abstract: Introduction: Combined Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography with 18-fluoro-desoxy-glucose (FDG-PET/CT) is highly sensitive in differentiating malignant from benign pulmonary lesions and is part of the current recommended practices for non-invasive lung nodule assessment. However, many solid pulmonary nodules may show misleading miscellaneous features and can be mistakenly diagnosed as malignant lesions. Case Report: Herein we report the case of a passive smoking female patient with multiple comorbidities, who was referred for a solitary pulmonary nodule randomly discovered. Chest imaging showed a middle lobe 16-mm nodule with an intensive uptake (SUVmax 7.6) highly suggestive of malignant origin. The patient underwent middle lobectomy with radical lymphadenectomy because the malignancy was not excluded on frozen section. Definitive pathological examination showed a sclerosing pneumocytoma. Conclusion: FDG-PET/CT is an accurate imaging tool for assessment of solid pulmonary nodules. However, false positive results of some benign lesions have to be kept in mind. Therefore, FDG-PET/CT features have to be interpreted according to the patient’s background and clinical data, in order to provide the best appropriate management. Keywords: FDG-PET/CT, sclerosing pneumocytoma, SUVmax, pulmonary solitary nodule, diagnosis. Download Full Article |