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Abstract: The polysaccharides chitin and chitosan are made up of monomer units of the amino sugars D-glucosamine and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. The ratio of these two monomers dictates whether the polysaccharide is considered chitin or chitosan. Both polymers have unique properties and have uses in several diverse applications. In nature, chitin and chitosan primarily play a structural role. When purified from their producing organism, these polymers exhibit useful structural, chemical and biological properties. Chitin and chitosan have been used in several applications including biomedicine, food additives, cosmetics, and more. The charged chitosan polymer is especially effective in biomedical applications, as it has been demonstrated to possess antimicrobial properties. This review explores the properties of chitin and chitosan and how these biopolymers are used in a variety of healthcare and other applications. Keywords: Chitin, chitosan, medical device, biomaterial, N-acetyl glucosamine, seafood waste. |
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Abstract: The silicone polymers containing a silanol residue were synthesized from silica gel, while the polyurethanes (PUs) bearing a carboxyl moiety were prepared using 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid (BHMPA) as one of the diol components. The fabrication of the PU films was carried out using these two polymers, then the tensile and thermal properties were investigated. Both the amounts of the carboxyl side groups of the PU chain and the residual silanol of the silicone polymer significantly affected the mechanical property of the film, in addition, the incorporation of 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS) was quite effective for enhancing the elastic modulus (E). As a result, the film prepared from the polyurethane containing the BHMPA unit with a combination of APTMS and the silicone polymer, having a proper amount of silanol groups, showed the highest effect (E = 5.36 N/mm2), while that observed for the film prepared without using BHMPA and a silicone polymer was 2.10 N/mm2. An acid-base interaction between the carboxyl moiety of the PU and amino group of APTMS occurred, while the formation of the siloxane linkage through the silylation reaction between the trimethoxysilyl group of APTMS and silanol also took place. Keywords: Silicone polymer, silanol, polyurethane, film, elastic modulus. |
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Abstract: Inter professional education (IPE) is the core concept of healthcare department in most of the developed countries on both student and professional level. There is no objection on its necessity. Top ranking universities of the world, especially of developed countries are working on IPE. But some of developing countries like Pakistan are almost unaware of this concept. No one is having the basic concept of IPE, except few, and they are not practicing in IPE so far. Talking about Punjab, there is no awareness for the concept of IPE. It is the need of our healthcare department that we must introduce IPE to improve healthcare quality. This survey was conducted to check the readiness for IPE among pharm D and MBBS students in different institutes of medicine and pharmacy of Lahore. Team went to different pharmacy and medical colleges and asked the students to fill in a questionnaire having 19 items, which was rated by the students on Likert scale. The result shows a conflict in the opinion of pharmacy and medical students. Team also interviewed the respondents shortly. This interview showed many reasons explained by medical students for their response but the most prominent one was the superiority complex. The need of the hour is to introduce IPE in universities for changing the attitude of medical students towards IPE.. Keywords: Interprofessional Education, Interprofessional Learning, Medical Sector, teamwork and collaboration, professional identity, role and responsibilities. |