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Abstract : Resilience of Arctic Communities: Socio-Economic Aspect
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Abstract: The study investigates factors that directly or indirectly affect the development of settlements in the North-East of the Russian Arctic. The study highlights the specific features of the Arctic settlements of the Northeast, as well as factors that will be considered in the development of a methodology for assessing the resilience of Arctic communities to economic shocks. The main focus is on the investigation of demographic processes in the Northeast Arctic, since it is human capital that determines the resilience of settlements to economic shocks. According to the results of the analysis, it was found that the key trend is the migration outflow, and the factors constraining it are the growth of wages, the presence of a minimum improvement of housing, in particular, heating and guarantees of social support. Therewith, such a factor as the presence of traditional trades and occupations does not contribute to a decrease in the migration outflow. This study was performed to further develop the concept of resilience and form a methodology for assessing the resilience of the economic and social system of an Arctic settlement to economic shocks. In the future, this methodology makes provision for the construction of a model with factors and indicators that determine the resilience of the socio-economic system of the Arctic settlement in the North-East of Russia (as exemplified by the Bulunsky district of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)) to economic shocks. Keywords: Migration, human capital, correlation analysis, Tiksi, Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. |
Abstract : Legal Status of Electronic Money in Ukraine
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Abstract: The lack of a unified theoretical position on the definition of electronic money, insufficient understanding of their technical, economic, and legal nature, the discrepancy in the legal regulation of the circulation of such money in different countries is conditioned by the novelty of the institution of electronic money. In turn, due to the rapid progress, the issue of electronic money is becoming increasingly relevant, attracting the attention of lawyers, economists, and society as a whole. The purpose of this study is to analyse the legal status of electronic money, its advantages and disadvantages, considering the practice of the European Union in this matter. The study used a complex of philosophical and worldview general scientific and special scientific methods. The formal-logical method was used to define the basic concepts and legal categories related to the analysis of the legal status of electronic money in Ukraine. The historical method was used to highlight the process of development and establishment of legal regulation of electronic money in Ukraine. The method of systems analysis allowed to identify and formulate the main conclusions and recommendations for increasing the efficiency of cooperation between Ukraine and the European Union in the field of legal regulation of electronic money. Furthermore, when determining the legal status of electronic money, it is important to consider the legislation of the European Union. The study also analyses the differences in the legal status of electronic money from non-cash, virtual, and digital money. Keywords: Payment system, issuer, monetary obligations, National Bank of Ukraine, payment agent. |
Abstract : Socio-Economic Transformations of Small Rural Settlements of Zakarpattia Amidst Decentralisation
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Abstract: The study analyses the key parameters of the population of small rural settlements of the Zakarpatska Oblast amidst economic transformation. Small settlements are described by low population density, which in some rural settlements is three times lower than the regional average. Over the last period there has been a tendency to increase the number of small rural settlements with a population of less than 150 people. Depopulation of villages creates conditions when it is unprofitable to maintain educational, healthcare, cultural institutions, etc. The current situation leads to the destruction of the infrastructure of the village, which is already in decline. The purpose of the study is to analyse the socio-economic development of small rural settlements in the region amidst decentralization. The main attention is paid to the study of problems that describe the quality of life of the rural population – analysis of the main trends of demographic reproduction, the development and effectiveness of new legal forms of management in rural areas amidst the intensifying market relations. The sectoral structure of the economy of rural settlements is analysed, the study substantiates the offers directed on integration of small rural commodity producers in the integrated agro-industrial structures, development of the rural industry, establishment of cooperative movement in the village. The level of satisfaction of the rural population with the main objects of social infrastructure is investigated on the materials of sociological monitoring of the rural population. Keywords: Small villages, integration, decentralisation, social infrastructure. |
Abstract : Improvement of Public Control over the Use of Land Resources as an Important Aspect of Modernisation of the Ukrainian State in the XXI Century
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Abstract: For the rational use and protection of land, the issue of effective implementation of land reform remains relevant. An important aspect in increasing the importance of this reform is the state's interest in land use. It is the main subject of land use control and protection. However, the consolidation of provisions on land protection in the Constitution of Ukraine demonstrates that the preservation of land resources in all spheres of public relations constitutes an important component of the legal policy of Ukraine in the land sphere and the constitutional obligation to protect land not only to the state but also to citizens, legal entities, and local communities. The purpose of the study is to analyse the legislative practice of compliance with the rules of rational use and protection of land resources. The main research methods were general science – analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction. The study considers the role of the state, people, local governments in the management and control of land resources. The main statutory documents governing the use of land resources were considered. Amendments to the legislation of Ukraine in the field of land ownership were proposed to delegate the powers of control of land resources between the state and local communities. The possible expansion of the land powers of the self-government bodies of the united territorial communities was considered. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of using results in the development of projects to improve public control over the use of land resources. Keywords: Land use, policy, land reform, decentralisation, state control. |
