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Abstract : Parasite Inspection in Five Commercially Important Oyster Species (Mollusca: Bivalvia) of Pakistan
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Abstract: A total of five native oyster species namely; Crassostrea gryphoides, C. madrasensis, C. glomerata, Ostrea nomades and Saccostrea cucullata were collected from three sites: Buleji of Sindh coast; Hub and Jiwani of Balochistan coast, Pakistan. Parasitic inclusion was present only in histological sections of O. nomades and S. cucullata at Buleji.Individuals of O. nomades found to be infected with protozoan parasite Nematopsis speciesand Proctoeces sp. trematodeparasite. Additionally, unknown parasitic cyst was observed at outer epithelium in a male gonadal section of S. cucullata. There is no previous record in literature of pathogens in oyster species at Buleji. Keywords: Nematopsis, Northern Arabian Sea, Ostrea, Saccostrea, Crassostrea, Trematode, parasite.Download Full Article |
Abstract : ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Efficacy of C1-C2 Sustained Natural Apophyseal Glide (SNAG) Versus Posterior Anterior Vertebral Mobilization (PAVMs) in the Management of Cervicogenic Headache
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Abstract: Objectives: To determine the effect of a C1-C2 sustained natural apophyseal glide (SNAG) as compare to posterior anterior (PA) vertebral mobilization on cervicogenic headache. Study Design: Randomized Control Trial. Method: The study was conducted on 60 patients with CGH. In this study, patients were divided into two groups, group A and group B equally. Group A of 30 patients received SNAG and at the same time Group B of 30 patients were treated with PAVMs. A pre tested and structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Data was entered and analyzed by using SPSS 19. Outcome Measures: Pain and disability was measured on Visual Analog Scale (VAS) (0-10) and Neck Disability Index (NDI) before and after the treatment. Results: The study showed significant results for both the interventions in the treatment of CGH but SNAG mobilization has been more effective in reducing pain in CGH patients. Conclusions: On the basis of this study, it is proved that cervical SNAGS is more effective for the treatment of cervicegenic headaches as compared to PAVMs. Keywords: Cervicogenic Headache, Sustained Natural Apophyseal Glide, Posterior Anterior Vertebral Mobilization, Mulligan Mobilization.Download Full Article |
Abstract : Effect of Stocking Density on the Survival Rate and Growth Performance in Penaeus monodon
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Abstract: In this study, effect of stocking density and water exchange rate on the survival, growth and apparent feed conversion ratio of Penaeus monodon were evaluated. For that, shrimps were cultured at two different stocking densities such as six and twelve post larvae m−3 for a period of four months. The experimental ponds were harvested after four months of culture. The results revealed that survival rate of shrimps cultured in low density ponds (LD) was higher (68.4%) whereas a lower rate (51.7%) was observed at high density ponds (HD). In the case of average body weight and length, the shrimps reared at LD experimental ponds were 27.8 g and 18.5 cm respectively. In addition, the average FCR value of shrimps reared at LD ponds was higher (1.8) when compared to the shrimps cultured in HD ponds (2.3). Therefore, stocking density of 6 PL/m3 is recommend for culturing P. monodon in Kollam coast of India under these experimental conditions. Keywords: Penaeus monodon, shrimp farming, stocking density, survival rate. Download Full Article |
Abstract : Fractal Functions of Discontinuous Approximation
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Abstract: A procedure for the definition of discontinuous real functions is developed, based on a fractal methodology. For this purpose, a binary operation in the space of bounded functions on an interval is established. Two functions give rise to a new one, called in the paper fractal convolution of the originals, whose graph is discontinuous and has a fractal structure in general. The new function approximates one of the chosen pair and, under certain conditions, is continuous. The convolution is used for the definition of discontinuous bases of the space of square integrable functions, whose elements are as close to a classical orthonormal system as desired. Keywords: Discontinuous Functions, Interpolation, Approximation, Functional Spaces, Fractals.Download Full Article |
