jcru
Abstract : A Guide for Cancer Pain Management in Latin America
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Abstract: The surgery treatment of parotid metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC) after parotid-gland-sparing IMRT is rare report. We present such a case of NPC patient cT2N2M0 with parotid lymph node metastasis after parotid-gland-sparing IMRT patient who accepted the second operation after the first failure parotid section. This case reminded us that neck dissection added the whole parotid glandresection may be an appropriate method to treat this type of patients. Keywords: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma, Parotid lymph node metastasis, Prognosis, Intensity-modulated radiotherapy, Surgery. Download Full Article |
Abstract : Perioperative Effects of Surgery, Anesthesia and Analgesics Associated with Cancer Progression: A Review
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Abstract: One of the most common treatments available for cancer patients is surgical removal of the malignant tumor; its long-term implications, however, are still little-known. The purpose of this review is to look at the perioperative effects and determine if there is any correlation between surgery, anesthetics and analgesics, and cancer progression, in the form of cancerous tumor growth and progression and patient survival, within the Puerto Rican population. A retrospective literature review was conducted. Current data suggest that surgery is associated with an increase in cancer proliferation and metastasis, for various reasons such as angiogenesis enhancement and bloodstream migration. Also, it was found that some anesthetics and analgesics have been associated with cancer progression, based on the peri- and postoperative immune status of the patient. Thiopental, ketamine, isoflurane, halothane and some opioids were positively correlated with cancer progression given their role in immunosuppression; while propofol, lidocaine, ropivacaine and bupivacaine were negatively correlated with tumor progression given their immune enhancement. Others, like sevoflurane, nitrous oxide, and etomidate showed inconclusive correspondence. Therefore, it was concluded that immune system boosting anesthetics and analgesics can reduce cancer progression in a patient that has undergone surgical resection. For further research and since the available data are not extensive, other variables such as age, sex, stressors and comorbidities could be considered to better understand the mechanism in which the chemicals hereby studied can cause cancer progression. Keywords: Anesthetics, analgesics, opioids, cancer, metastasis, recurrence, immunosuppression. Download Full Article |
Abstract : Analysis of Kinetics and Efficacy of Anti-Cancer via Oxygen-Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy
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Abstract: Photodynamic therapy (PDT has been widely used in many medical applications. PDT for anti-cancer is one of the clinically important subjects. This study will analyze the photochemical kinetics and the efficacy of anti-cancer via the critical factors including: the concentrations of photosensitizers and oxygen in the treated target, the exposure time, intensity and does (energy) of the light applied to the target. To achieve high efficacy, one requires the oxygen source term to re-supply the depletion of oxygen and photosensitizers. Higher light intensity has faster rising curve of the efficacy, but it reaches the same steady-state value as that of low intensity. The efficacy follows the Bunsen-Roscoe law (BRL) of reciprocity only when there is no oxygen source term. Higher initial concentration of oxygen and photosensitizers, C0, always provide higher efficacy. To achieve the same efficacy, minimum dose and/or less exposure time for accelerated procedure may be achieved by using a higher intensity (but same dose) for the case of P=0. However, with P>0, higher intensity requires a higher fluence to achieve the same efficacy and it does not follow the BRL reciprocity law. Keywords: Photodynamic therapy, Cancer therapy, Photosensitizers, Reactive oxygen species, Cell viability, Threshold dose, Modeling. Download Full Article |
Abstract : HepG2 Attenuation Induced by RNase A Modulates Gene Profiling and Immunophenotypic Characterization of Some Immune Cells Operating in Cancer Vaccine
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Abstract: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ranks as the third leading cause of cancer death. Attempts to induce an effective immune response against cancer by immunotherapeutic intervention, including activation of dendritic cells (DCs), were established. The present study was undertaken to investigate the attenuation of HepG2 cells using ribonuclease enzyme A (RNase A) as a possible biological factor to sensitize allogenic DCs and lymphocytes isolated from Egyptian HCC patients. Attenuation of HepG2 cells resulted in a significant increase in activated DC and T-lymphocyte markers, upregulation of CD44 gene expression and increased lactate dehydrogenase as well as interleukin-12 levels. In contrast, a significant decrease in mature DCs, B-cells, T-helper, cytotoxic T-cells, and NK-cells, as well as LMP-2 gene expression was recorded. In conclusion, the attenuation of HepG2 cells with RNase A and subsequent pulsation to allogenic DCs and lymphocytes caused a differential immune response. Further studies are recommended to explain the role of RNase A in modulating antigen expression on the tumor cell surface. Keywords: Antigen presentation, dendritic cells, HepG2, immunotherapy, ribonuclease A. |
