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Abstract: Roses (Rosa indica L.) is one of the greatest significant flower collection in the biosphere and have commercial value in decorative, therapeutic and cosmetic trade. Speedy development and construction of disease free plants through in vitro technique have played a dynamic part in broadcast of salable rose cultivars. The five diverse meditations of growth controller such as (MS + 2.00 mg L-1 ), (IBA + 2.00 mg L-1 ), (AA + 30 gL-1 sucrose), (MS + 2.00 mg L-1), (BAP + 3.00 mg L-1 ), (NAA +30 mg L-1 sucrose), (MS + 2.00 mg L-1), (BAP + 3.00 mg L-1 ), ( IAA + 30 mg L-1 sucrose), (MS + 4 mg L-1), (BAP + 2.00 mg L-1), (( IAA + 30 mg L-1 sucrose) and (MS + 3.00 mg L-1 ), (BAP + 3.00 mg L-1), (IAA + 30 mg L-1 sucrose for shoot induction. After establishment of plantlets, stem was cast off as explants foundation for the initiation of callus. It is concluded that the two different concentrations 2.00 and 4.00 mg L-1 of 2 to 4 D were better worked out for callus induction. Keywords: Influence, phytohormone, callus induction, micropropagation, rose (Rosa indica L.) |
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Abstract: The prevalence incidence and biochemical characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from wounds of buffalos, goats, dogs, donkeys and chickens were studied during present indigestion.The highest infection of Staphylococcus aureus was found in wound samples of buffalos (70.00%). as compared to goat, (33%), dog, (3%) donkey (40%) and chicken, (46.66%) respectively. The overall pure samples with Staphylococcus auerus from the animals was recorded as 39.13% while mixed infection was observed as 34.78%. The shape of Staphylococcus auerus isolated from buffalos, goat, and chicken were cocci, spherical, round in shape and characterized as G+ve. The Staphylococcus auerus isolated from all the animals were non-motile. It is concluded that highest infections of Staphylococcus aureus was found in buffalo (70.00%), whereas highest number of Staphylococcus aureus bacterial specie was observed as compared to other bacterial species. Keywords: : Prevalence, Incidence, Staphylococcus aureus, wound, animal specie. |
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Abstract: A real sustainable world and a livable environment for everyone is currently needed and becoming an extraordinarily challenging task. Sustainability for whom-who benefits and who loses? The increasing environmental problems are also hampering the sustainability. The remarkable increase in population and severe food shortages has brought unprecedented burden on land. Land is considered as space, territory, location, ecosystem, reserve and human habitat above all. Land-use provides a basis for identification of different functional zones in the city thus providing a framework for shaping the internal structure of a city. The best-planned development of any area is possible when the problems of that area are well understood, well documented and closely monitored. Systematic information on land-use / land cover classes, environmental problems and the available arrangement is critically important for future planning of an area. The rationale of this study is to indicate the presence of core and frame in the downtown area of Saddar, Karachi and to examine how finished downtown developments are designed to facilitate environmental sustainability. The field inventory has been conducted to find out the functional and physical developments and sustainability of the study area. In addition the process models have been applied to find out the environmental sustainability. The results of filed investigations show that Saddar does not fulfill the requirement of any of the classical land use models. With reference to the planned development of the core area, zoning laws should be applied to place the functions properly to their respective location. The main problems should be considered as prime matters for the city planners and agencies. Keywords: Downtown, CBD, Environmental Sustainability, Core and Frame. |
Correlation Structure of Solar Radio Bursts in Accordance with Solar Activity- Pages 17-22 Saifuddin Ahmed Jilani and Sana Wajih Published: 14 February 2018 |
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Abstract: Sun is the nearest star that employs us an opportunity to study the behavior of celestial bodies and their influence on Earth’s atmosphere. This paper investigates the dynamics of Solar Radio Bursts (SRB) with respect to their frequencies type II, type III and Mixed type in accord with Sun Spot Number (SSN) over a span of (1996-2010) base over monthly values. Data from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Space Weather Centre were used in this study. This period covers one full and two partial solar cycles. The ionosphere plays a significant role in radio wave communication, therefore the critical frequency of F2 layer (foF2), Maximum electron density (NmF2) Plasma frequency (fP) and Sudden Ionosphere Disturbance (SID) also been included. In various ionospheres quantifications, solar activity such as SSN and 10.7 cm radio flux were used. However SRB influence being considered as a separate variable has not been investigated. The relationship of SRB with Solar Cycle and a comparative study of the influence of these solar variables on ionosphere F2 layer have investigated. The model equations are developed between those variables that have a significant relationship. These equations may be helpful to forecast perturbations in respect of the solar activity. Keywords: Sun Spot Number, Ionosphere variables, Solar Cycle, Ionosphere perturbations, Exploratory Data Analysis. |
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Abstract: The relationship between trade openness and economic size of city has long been a subject of much interest in international literature of trade. Trade Openness might increases the economic size of city by increasing the significance of transportation modes which are mostly present in urban areas and raising the demand for marketing, financing and communication. In contrast some literature argue that protectionism generates large cities as firms cluster in an urban area to minimize its unit cost via sharing of intermediate goods, labour pool and knowledge spill-over. Thus, there exist an important causal connection between the economic size of the city and its contribution in international trade. This paper is designed to explore these causal connections using panel causality analysis. The panel consists of fourteen major cities of Pakistan and 14 years commence from 1999-00 till 2012-13. The result affirms a positive two-way causal relationship between a cities' economic size and its degree of trade openness. Keywords: Trade Openness, Economic city size, Panel causality, Growth, Region. |