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Abstract: : A significant technological advancement and enhanced telecom networks, immensely evolving telecom industry around the globe. Very tough competition, financial and inventory controls have necessitated telecom companies to maximum utilization of installed telecom network and provide high quality of uninterrupted service to the customers. In this paper we describe the integrated geodatabase model offering solution to the problem of telecom operations, network infrastructure management, optimized network planning, and business operation in telecom sector. It is based on integration of telecom operations, business, parcel base data and base map of Misri Shah telephone exchange service area. Telecom data usually maintained by different department in scattered form consequently many operational and business related activities especially network planning and management requires optimized platform to handle all telecom issues systematically. GIS is widely recommended to meet the requirements of telecom industry. A well designed rigorous GIS data models not only supports standard GIS functions but also supports to model telecom network up to port level competently. These models instantiated on the map provide a geographical representation of the physical telecom network and those supports several operational and business functions right from customer contact, service order, network planning, engineering and many other functional areas. This paper will examine various techniques and methodologies for model telecommunication network and integration of databases for the effective management of telecom network infrastructure with spatial context of operational and business perspectives. Keywords: Business & Customer Car, Customer Management System, Data Integration, Geodatabase, GIS, and Telecommunication Network. |
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Abstract: Astragalus eremophilus is traditionally used as a potent antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant medicinal plant. In the present study we proposed to assess an allelopathic property of the aqueous extract of Astragalus eremophilus. Proposed plant of Astragalus eremophilus was collected from the catchment area of University of Science and Technology Bannu in its growing season. The plant parts were dried in shed, grounded to powdered form and saturated with de-ionized water to prepare aqueous crude extract. Promising effects were shown by the crude aqueous extract of Astragalus eremophilus (root and stalk) growth control and least stalk development at high concentration with respect to control. The effect of Astragalus eremophilus on roots and stalk development of Bracharia ramose is as follows; 40% > 30% > 20% > 10%. Astragalus eremophilus could be used as an alternative for weed control as evident by the present study, where further characterization studies are recommended for the production of plant based natural herbicides. Keywords: Phytotoxicity, Allelopathic, Astragalus eremophilus, Bracharia ramose. |
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Abstract: DNA extraction and purification is an initial step for authentic results in advance molecular biology, therefore DNA degradation is unavoidable. The aim of present study is to investigate the DNA quality and quantity in terms of shorter time preservation with normal and diseased tissue, therefore tissues of normal (n = 18) and diseased (n = 18) liver, lung and heart was collected from goat after slaughtered. For DNA extraction Gene JET Genomic DNA Purification Kit protocol was followed, then stored at -20 oC and -04 oC temperatures for 24hrs and 48hrs period of time. The concentration and purity of the extracted DNA were measured with Spectrophotometer and purity confirmed at an absorbance ratio of 260 or 280. It was observed that at a -20 oC temperature for 24hours the concentration of DNA yield was numerically higher than at -04 oC temperature for tissue stored at 48hrs, whereas absorbance was higher, however in normal tissues in contrast with diseased the concentration and absorbance of DNA was somehow same at -20 and -04 oC but different in storage time. On the basis of these findings, it was concluded that time elapsed between sampling with the storage condition and with normal or diseased samples for DNA extraction will largely depend on the experiment. If tissue preservative conditions and sampling are appropriate, storage time will not be a factor at least for short storage periods. Keywords: DNA, degradation, concentration, purity, temperature, spectrophotometer. |
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Abstract: Table salt is most widely used food additive around the globe. Any contamination to salt may lead to health hazards and ailments. In this study concentration of heavy metals were determined in different table salt sample. Twelve different salt sample were collected from various localities of Pakistan including all the four provinces. The concentration lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn) and Copper (Cu) were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy and compared it with Codex Alimentarius commission. The level of Pb, Cd, Cr, Fe, Mn and Cu were in the range of 0.1-2.96 mg/kg, 0.08-1.18 mg/kg,0.02-2.4 mg/kg, 2.5-16.7 mg/kg, 0.1-5.1 mg/kg, 0.6-3.1 mg/kg respectively. In most of the sample the level of toxic metal are within the permissible limits as prescribed by Codex Alimentarius Commission. Keywords: Heavy Metals, Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy, Codex Alimentarius Comission, Iranian Food standard. |
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Abstract: This research study examines the stochastic behaviour of stock returns in the Pakistan stock exchange (PSX) using the KSE 100 index daily return data from 2011 to 2016. Methodology is based on ARCH family of models such as ARCH, GARCH, GARCH-M EGARCH, EGARCH-M and TARCH/GJR GARCH. These specifications have been used to model the stochastic behaviour of stock return in the Pakistan stock exchange. The most appropriate model is selected on the basis of SIC and AIC selection criteria. Diagnostic checking includes ARCH-LM test and Ljung-Box Q-Statistics. This research study concludes that EGARCH (1, 1) specification explains the stochastic behaviour of the Pakistan stock exchange better than other models undertaken. The results of the study have well-grounded policy implications for market regulators, policy makers and investors. Keywords: Stochastic Behaviour, ARCH, GARCH, GARCH-M, TARCH, EGARCH, EGARCH-M, Pakistan Stock Exchange, Volatility. |