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Abstract: In this paper the backdating methods based on factors and principal components are applied for the first time to emulate the historical macroeconomic variables in China. The numerical results show that these procedures are useful to backdate some missing or not available historical data. ARIMA forecasting experiments based on backdated historical data are conducted and compared with forecasting procedures using directly factors and principal components. Our results suggest that some key variables like GDP can indeed be forecasted more precisely with the principal components backdated data. Keywords: Backdating, Factor model, Principal components, ARIMA forecasting, GDP of China. |
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Abstract: A field study was carried out during 2015 at the experimental area of Entomology Section, Agriculture Research Institute, (ARI) Tando Jam to examine the efficacy of different bio-pesticides against major sucking pests on brinjal under field conditions. Four treatments with three replications were applied. The treatments were: T1=Neem (Azadirachta indica), T2= Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), T3= Datura (Datura stramonium) and T4=Control (untreated). Three insect pests were found infesting brinjal including white flies, jassid and mites. Pre-treatment and post-treatment observations were recorded.The results revealed that against white fly, the first spray of Neem extract showed highest reduction percent (82.60%) followed by Tobacco extract (75.95%), Datura extract (73.93%), and lowest for untreated control (11.07%); while in the second spray also Neem extract showed highest effect against white fly (67.53%); followed by Tobacco extract (56.43%), Datura extract (42.25%), and least by untreated plot (5.49%). Against jassid, Neem extract showed highest effect (55.95%) as observed during 1st spray, followed by Tobacco extract (53.38%), Datura o extract (63.11%)and untreated control (8.00%), while after second spray also Neem extract showed highest reduction percent (68.73%) followed by Tobacco extract (55.72%), Datura extract (50.66%) and the lowest was resulted by untreated control (13.90%). Against mites population on brinjal the first spray results showed that Neem extract showed highest effect (96.19%) followed by Tobacco extract (95.75%), Datura extract (86.86%) and least population was recorded in untreated control (9.96%). After second spray, Neem extract showed highest reduction percent (98.33%), followed by Tobacco extract (92.85%), Datura extract (88.93%) and the lowest reduction percent was resulted by untreated control (9.14%)respectively. Neem extract showed its superiority in effect to combat sucking insect pests studied in brinjal, followed by, Tobacco extract, Datura extract and untreated control remained the least. Keywords: Bio-pesticides, Sucking pests of brinjal. |
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Abstract: Present study was performed to estimates the genetic parameters forsome growth performance traits of Harnai sheep. The data was recorded for the period of 2004-2013 from the Multi-purpose research centre Yetabad, District, Baluchistan. The performance traits including birth, yearling, weaning and fleece weight was recorded for the estimation of genetic parameters. There was no significant difference was observed parity and Ram wise among some growth performance traits of Harnai sheep. While the results for heritability, estimation for birth weight, yearling weight, weaning weight and fleece weight was observed low to medium for some growth performance traits of Harnai sheep. It is concluded that low heritable and correlative traits mainly affected by the management, nutritional and temporary environmental conditions, hence improvement can be achieved through the better selection. Keywords: Harani sheep, growth traits, heritability. |
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Abstract: Present study was designed to estimates the correlation between carcass traits of Nili Ravi and Kundhi buffalo. The data for carcass traits of Nili Ravi and Kundhi buffalo was collected from Seven Star International Meat Processing Company Dhabeji at Thatta. In current study the data of total 100 animals of Kundhi and Nili Ravi breed were selected and divided into A, B, C and D group. In group A and C there were Kundhi and Nili Ravi male whereas, B and D females of both breeds respectively. The data including live body weight, carcass weight, dressing percentage and boneless weight of both breeds Kundhi and Nili Ravi were collected for the estimation of correlation. The results for correlation estimates of different carcass traits indicated that the correlation estimation were found positive and high among Nili Rave breed as compared to Kundhi breed, which shows that an increase in one carcass trait would increase the other carcass traits. It was concluded that Nili Ravi carcass traits are better expressed and produces more beef than Kundhi, while Kundhi male is better in beef production than the Nili Ravi female whereas Kundhi female produces low carcass yield. Keywords: Correlation, Carcass traits, Nili Ravi, Kundhi Buffalo. |
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Abstract: The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of various botanical products on population of sucking complex on cotton crop. The study was conducted at the experimental area of Entomology section, Agriculture Research Institute, Tando Jam during the Kharif Season-2004. Five bio-pesticides i.e. neem oil (500ml/acre), cooking oil (750 ml/acre), linseed oil (750ml/acre), hing (290gm/acre) and cotton oil (750ml/acre) were applied twice against sucking complex (jassid, thrip and whitefly) and compared with an untreated control. It was observed that the efficacy of different bio-pesticides against sucking complex (jassid, whitefly and thrips) varied significantly. All products reduced pest population during both sprays. On an average, neem oil (63.27%) and cotton oil (62.01%) were found to be superior in reducing sucking pest, followed by hing (58.25%), cooking oil (57.18%) and linseed oil (55.24%) respectively. Keywords: Cotton, Biopesticides, Sucking pests, Oils. |