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Abstract: Recently, in studying the linguistic picture of the world, interest has been growing in the national originality of the perception of reality, the national specificity of the reflection of the world picture in the language. The linguistic picture of the world is not linguistic; it reflects cognitive reality due to history, culture, geography, and other factors within the objective world. This article, based on such general scientific research methods as induction, deduction, observation, analysis, and synthesis of empirical material, attempts to reveal the national identity of the emotional experiences of the Tatar people. The study's subject is the emotive lexicatic language, which makes it possible to formulate and evaluate the presented picture and conceptualization of the surrounding Tatars. As the results of this study confirm, a person in the Tatar language picture of the world and eastern linguistic culture is less dualistic than a European; his emotions and speech tend to be in harmony, mutually complementing each other. In life, in everyday life, and the feelings of the Tatars, there is a severe imprint of the traditions and canons of Islam. The importance of the study of emotive vocabulary lies in the fact that it allows you to identify the priorities of the Tatar language consciousness, as well as the features of the vision of the Tatars world, the representation of the image of a person and his world from the position of the universal in the phraseology of the Tatar language, and the position of national specific features. The study of the dynamic semantics of phraseological units of the Tatar language in the structure of meaning makes it possible to represent significance for the general theory of linguistic science. Keywords: Interjection, Emotiveness, Expressiveness, Emotive Vocabulary, Picture Of The World, Tatar Language. |
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Abstract: Socio-political change in South Africa, also known as Azania,1 brought about the high hopes and opportunities, especially among the black African majority, in this instance, the recognition and revitalisation of their knowledge systems, in particular, in the learning sphere. The name, Azania becomes more relevant in this discussion, as it divulges the basis of indigenous African knowledge and related methodology systems, specifically on issues that encompass knowledge creation, categorisation and classification of events and circumstances. Nevertheless, the review of literature on the significance of aspects of African knowledge creation such as Tehuti perspective is revealed in this instance. This manuscript posits that diverse paradigms often influence the research approach in a particular milieu. It also suggests that the Tehuti perspective will facilitate the eradication of stereotyping imposed by the narrow cultural perspective in the social sphere including education, especially when it comes to research approach. It concludes by highlighting the need for consideration of diverse knowledge value systems, in particular, when dealing with narratives as indicative of a particular milieu rather than a prescriptive. Keywords: Tehuti, Africa, syllabus, aspects, fundamentals, order, knowledge. |
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Abstract: Previous research has demonstrated that rates of substance use during the adolescent years are associated with school performance and teenage employment. Comparatively few studies have examined the linkages between adolescents’ occupational aspirations and their rates of alcohol and drug use. Using data from a nationally representative sample of high school seniors, this study examines how adolescents’ occupational aspirations may affect their patterns of substance use. Utilizing a framework of social control theory and precocious development theory, the analyses reveal that a strong association exists between the occupational aspirations and substance use rates of adolescents. Teenagers with higher aspirations report relatively lower rates of substance use. On the other hand, adolescents who aspire for occupations which involve manual labor report higher rates of substance use. Impediments to reaching desired occupations were also shown to be important, as teens who perceived that they may not reach their aspired occupation (due to financial problems, inadequate education, discrimination, etc.) were shown to be more likely to drink alcohol and use drugs. Substantial differences in these effects were shown to exist across both sex and race/ethnicity categories. Overall, the results suggest that the effects of occupational aspirations on adolescent substance use are quite intricate. Keywords: Adolescence, aspirations, drugs, occupations, substances, work.Download Full Article |
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Abstract: The American Psychiatric Association’s evolving recognition of pathological gambling as a behavioral addiction (DSM-III, 1980; DSM-V, 2013) has occasioned increased use of the gambling addiction defence in criminal trials. Reflecting upon our experiences as expert witnesses in criminal and civil liability proceedings where gambling addiction was a significant factor, we a) describe the expert witness role; b) examine the links among frequent and intense EGM play, gambling addiction, and financially-based crimes; c) review how revisions to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual influenced the Canadian judicial system response to such crime; and d) explore prospects for reducing criminal activity by addicted EGM players. We discuss how and why gambling addiction has become generally accepted as a mitigating factor in Canadian criminal trials. In this commentary we also analyze how the plight of addicted gamblers who resort to criminal behavior might be remediated by a) gambling-specific consumer protection measures; b) tighter regulatory control over the addictive elements of EGM play; c) the implementation of gambling courts; and d) a legislated duty of care owed by gambling providers to EGM players. Keywords: Gambling addiction, expert witness, diminished capacity, rehabilitative sentences.Download Full Article |
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Abstract: Previous studies have noted that the relationship status of adults is substantially linked with levels of substance use. Understandably, the marital status of adults continues well beyond its initial phases, sometimes resulting in divorce, separation, or remarriage. This study seeks to extend our understanding of the linkages between marital status and substance use among adults. Using data from the 2012 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, we examine the substance use levels among a nationally representative sample of 14,715 adults. The analyses indicate that, for both females and males, marriage is, indeed, associated with lower levels of alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana use. Divorced individuals reported the highest levels of substance use. Interestingly, remarried individuals report higher levels of substance use than their counterparts in their first marriage, yet remarried men and women report lower levels of usage than do those who are currently divorced. Contextual and individual characteristics also yield several interesting patterns. In particular, distress and depression are shown to be much stronger predictors of substance use levels among divorced and remarried individuals. Divorced and remarried women, as compared to their male counterparts, are shown to be significantly more influenced by their employment status. The implications of this study are discussed, as are the potentially reciprocal nature of marital status and substance use. Keywords: Substance use, marriage, divorce, remarriage, gender.Download Full Article |
