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Abstract: In clinical, Psychotria serpens L. was often substitute for Caulis trachelospermi to treat cancer in China. Meanwhile, EtOAc and n-BuOH fractions of MeOH extract of P. serpens L. show power activity against H460, HepG2, Hela, and PC9/GR cell lines, and no toxic effects against normal 16HBE cell lines. In order to search significant anti-cancer active leading compounds, sevenetin (5),rutin (6),kaempferol-3- flavonoids, quercetin(1),tamarixetin-3-O-rutinoside (2),quercetin 3-O-(2G-β-D- xylopyranosy- lrutinoside) (3), kaempferol(4), tamarixO- rutino- side (7) were isolated from P. serpens L., and their structures were identified through spectroscopic techniques including NMR (1D and 2D) and MS. 2-5 were the first isolated from genus Psychotria. All of compoundswere the first isolated from P. serpens. Keywords: Psychotria serpens L., anti-cancer, flavonoids. Download Full Article |
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Abstract: Glioma is a clinically and biologically diverse disease. It challenges diagnosis and prognosis due to its molecular heterogeneity and diverse regimes of biological dysfunctions which are driven by genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. We discover the functional impact of sets of DNA methylation marker genes in the context of brain cancer subtypes as an exemplary approach how bioinformatics and particularly machine learning using self organizing maps (SOM) complements modern high-throughput genomic technologies. DNA methylation changes in gliomas comprise both, hyper- and hypomethylation in a subtype specific fashion. We compared pediatric (2 subtypes) and adult (4) glioblastoma and non-neoplastic brain. The functional impact of differential methylation marker sets is discovered in terms of gene set analysis which comprises a large collection of markers related to biological processes, literature data on gliomas and also chromatin states of the healthy brain. DNA methylation signature genes from alternative studies well agree with our signatures. SOM mapping of gene sets robustly identifies similarities between different marker sets even under conditions of noisy compositions. Mapping of previous sets of glioma markers reveals high redundancy and mixtures of subtypes in the reference cohorts. Consideration of the regulatory level of DNA methylation is inevitable for understanding cancer genesis and progression. It provides suited markers for diagnosis of glioma subtypes and disentangles tumor heterogeneity. Keywords: Glioma, molecular subtypes, DNA methylation, gene regulation, bioinformatics. Download Full Article |
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Abstract: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ranks as the third leading cause of cancer death. Attempts to induce an effective immune response against cancer by immunotherapeutic intervention, including activation of dendritic cells (DCs), were established. The present study was undertaken to investigate the attenuation of HepG2 cells using ribonuclease enzyme A (RNase A) as a possible biological factor to sensitize allogenic DCs and lymphocytes isolated from Egyptian HCC patients. Attenuation of HepG2 cells resulted in a significant increase in activated DC and T-lymphocyte markers, upregulation of CD44 gene expression and increased lactate dehydrogenase as well as interleukin-12 levels. In contrast, a significant decrease in mature DCs, B-cells, T-helper, cytotoxic T-cells, and NK-cells, as well as LMP-2 gene expression was recorded. In conclusion, the attenuation of HepG2 cells with RNase A and subsequent pulsation to allogenic DCs and lymphocytes caused a differential immune response. Further studies are recommended to explain the role of RNase A in modulating antigen expression on the tumor cell surface. Keywords: Antigen presentation, dendritic cells, HepG2, immunotherapy, ribonuclease A. |
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Abstract: Aim: To evaluate surgical and oncologic outcomes of patients who underwent urgent exploratory laparotomy, and successful surgical resection of gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Methods: Medical records were retrospectively searched from January 2005 to January 2012 for cases with gastrointestinal stromal tumors, who had undergone urgent exploratory laparotomy. Results: Of 51 patients operated for GISTs from January 2005 to January 2012, 6 cases had undergone urgent exploratory laparotomy and surgical resection. Our study group consisted of 4 female (66.6 %) and 2 male (33.4 %) patients with a median age of 60 years (range: 35-76 yrs). Their tumors were located in the stomach (n=1), jejunum (n=2), ileum (n=2), and rectum (n=1). For these tumors, total gastrectomy (n=1), segmental resection of the jejunum (n=2) or ileum (n=2), and left hemicolectomy (n=1) were performed followed by an uneventful postoperative course in all patients. According to Fletcher criteria, five tumors (83.3%) were classified as intermediate and high risk. No postoperative morbidity and mortality were noted. All patients received postoperative treatment with a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, imatinib. Median length of the hospital stay was 8 (range: 6 to 12) days. With a median follow-up of 32 (range 3 to 64) months, disease-free survival rate was 100 percent. Conclusions: Although quite rare, patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors may suffer from occult gastrointestinal hemorrhage and abdominal pain as the first clinical manifestations leading to urgent exploratory laparotomy and surgical extirpation of the tumor. Keywords: Gastrointestinal stromal tumor, GIST, emergency, urgent laparotomy.Download Full Article |
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Abstract: Background:The frequency of digestive cancers is increasing since the last ten years. The aim of the study was to determine the epidemiologic and histologic aspects of digestive cancers in Togo. Method: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study focused on digestive cancers cases diagnosed from 1995 throughout 2014 (20 years) at the pathology laboratory of the Lomé teaching hospital. We included all digestive samples (biopsy, excision, surgical specimens) collected and sent to the pathology laboratory from 1994 to 2013 using data from the records of the laboratory. Results: We have collected 1306 cases of digestive cancers (20.4%). The annual incidence was 65.3 cases. The sex-ratio (M/F) was 1.5. The mean age was47.8 years. The most common locations were the stomach (35.3%) and the esophagus (27.3%). The adenocarcinoma was predominant in the stomach (84.4%), the rectum (70.2%), and the colon (86.3%). The squamous cell carcinoma was commonly found at the esophagus (94.8%). The lymphomas were observed in the small intestine (53.4%). Conclusion: Digestive cancers are frequent in Togo and occur in young adults. The stomach cancer is the most common cancer Keywords: Digestive cancers, epidemiology, histology, Togo. Download Full Article |