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Abstract: Empirical correlations have been developed for Multan for the estimation of Diffuse Solar Radiation (DSR) as a function of clearness index (KT). The diffuse solar radiation are also estimated by the relationship as given by Liu and Jorden, Page and Iqbal. All these correlation shows a peak value of diffuse solar radiation for the months of July & August (monsoon months). The diffuse to global (total) radiation ratio is 0.317. The presently developed correlation are fine agreement with the result obtained by earlier models. It is inferred from the result that solar energy has bright prospects as far as its application and utilization is concerned. Keywords: Diffuse Solar Radiation, Global Solar Radiation, Clearness Index, Multan, Correlation. |
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Abstract: The present findings was aimed to determine the predator prey interaction on some wheat cultivars was laid out at Experimental Area of Entomology Section, Agriculture Research Institute, Tandojam during rabi wheat growing season of 2014. Five wheat varieties were sown in a complete randomized block design plot. The varieties are 1. NIA-Sunhari, 2. NIA-Amber, 3. NIA-Sundar, 4.Kiran 5.Kirman.The results indicated that maximum mean population of insect pest and predators were recorded on different varieties of wheat crop. The maximum mean Black aphid population was recorded on variety of NIA-Amber (3.36/leaf) and minimum on Kiran (2.79/leaf). The maximum mean numbers of green aphids were recorded on variety Kiran (5.26/leaf) and minimum mean population on variety NIA-Amber (3.59/leaf). The maximum American bollworm was recorded on variety of NIA-Sunhari, (0.51/leaf) and minimum population was recorded on variety NIA-Sundar (0.14/leaf). Its population was increase in the mid to end of season. The maximum Thrips population appeared on variety NIA-Amber (5.61/leaf) and lowest on NIA-Sunhari (2.79/leaf). The Thrips increased slowly at the start of the season and continued at mid to end of the season. Among predators, the maximum population of Brumus was recorded on variety NIA-Sunhari (0.81/plant) and lowest population observed on variety of NIA-Sundar (0.05/ plant). Similarly the lacewing was recorded on variety of NIA-Sunhari (0.25/plant) and its lowest population was on varieties of Khirman and Kiran (0.05/plant). Maximum 7- spotted beetles population was on variety NIA-Sunhari (0.64/plant) and the lowest population on Kiran (0.15/plant). While the maximum mean population of 11- spotted beetles was recorded on variety of NIA-Sunhari (0.52/plant) and the minimum population on Kiran (0.17/plant). Keywords: Wheat cultivars, wheat pests, predators of wheat pests. |
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Abstract: Objective: To determine the association between body image and marital satisfaction in married adults. Study Design: A Correlation/ Cross-sectional study Setting and Duration: The study was carried out in Karachi, Pakistan, over a period of three months. Subjects and Methods: The study was conducted after seeking approval from the Board of Advance Studies and Research (BASR), University of Karachi, Pakistan. A total sample of 200 married adults (100 males and 100 females) was selected purposively for the study. The age range of the target group was 22 to 40 years (mean age 34 years; SD=5.13) with minimum of 2 years and maximum of 20 years of marriage. Entire sample had middle socioeconomic status and their education level was from graduation and above. The subject completed the Demographic Information, Multidimensional Body Self-Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ) and Kansas marital satisfaction scale. Responses were scored according to the producer given in the manuals. Results: Mean ± SD of age was 34.27±7 years. Mean ± SD of duration of marriage is 2 years and 5 months. Significant (P<.05) correlation was found between body image and marital satisfaction among married adults and analysis of different variables of body image showed that fitness evaluation and body area satisfaction were positively correlated with marital satisfaction while appearance evaluation and subjective weight were negatively correlated. Above body image variables were also found to be significant predictors of marital satisfaction in married adults Conclusion: It is to be concluded that body image is an important predictor in marital satisfaction. Keywords: Body Image, Marital Satisfaction, Adults, married, body image variables. |
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Abstract: This paper presents comparison of wind potential of Ormara and Jiwani and evaluation of Weilbull distribution function for two coastal areas of Balochistan. Ten years data (1998-2007) of wind speed have been obtained from Pakistan Meteorological Department (PMD) of Karachi, Pakistan. The analysis of wind data is carried out and fitted by Weibull function. The two parameters of the distribution are also evaluated. Monthly mean wind speed of two coastal locations (Ormara and Jiwan) was also predicted. Keywords: Wind energy, Weibull distribution, Weibull Parameters, Scale Parameter and Shape Parameter. |
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Abstract: Aqueous solutions of Sandalfix Orange C2RL (SO) dye were used to check its feasibility as a new passive dosimeter. UV/VIS spectrophotometer was utilized to determine the absorption peak (λmax) of dye; which was 430 nm. SO followed Beer’s law satisfactorily. The absorbance (A) of the sample solutions was decreased with increase in absorbed dose (D). The %decoloration (%Ð) showed an exponential increase and logarithmic increase within low and high dosimetry range, respectively. The pH sensitivity of the sample solutions at different doses was also observed. Keywords: Aqueous Solutions, Reactive Orange 122, Gamma radiation, %Decoloration, Absorbance. |