ijcs
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Abstract: Human trafficking is a serious global problem that transcends international borders and disciplinary boundaries. It presents a conglomeration of problems generally dealt with by public health, criminal justice, social service and immigration agencies. Victim advocates state that millions are victimized each year. The data suggest that law enforcement agencies perceive human trafficking to be of greater, or equal, concern for the myriad of social institutions and participants affected by human trafficking than for law enforcement, itself. Policy recommendations are to refocus the law enforcement response - which may include various approaches that can simultaneously benefit public health - by incorporating an Epidemiological Criminology framework to help to guide the development of more systematic and integrative insight into the world of human trafficking. Keywords: Human trafficking, public health, epidemiological criminology.Download Full Article |
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Abstract: The ongoing Covid-19 crisis has hit many sectors and industries in the hardest possible way. Travel and tourism-related activities have not been an exception. We contend that a systemic approach can be developed and implemented in order to trace and certify individuals who do not present an epidemiological risk to other people, and also to manage their close interaction. This could lead to the certification of a large proportion of the population—millions worldwide—as not representing a risk of infection to others. It can justify the implementation of a system that can speed up the reactivation of several economic sectors and industries, protecting jobs and accelerating economic recovery in many countries. People who have been ill with Covid-19 have acquired the corresponding antibodies and, therefore, have immunity to the disease, they could travel freely, thereby helping to reactivate the economy. We will explain in this paper how a number of high-tech tools can be implemented as a crowd control system to identify those who do not represent a risk to others, either because they have acquired immunity or because they can be regarded as not carriers of a communicable disease. We devise a method based on the use of a 3D-diagram that shows the existence of an inverse relation between the number of tests performed and the number of individuals that have contracted the disease. The results of the study suggest that the implementation of a new epidemiological tourist strategy in Cuba can help to reactivate tourist activities in the country while avoiding the creation of new hotbeds of infection for Covid-19. Keywords: Covid-19, epidemiology, Cuba smart-quarantine, SARS-CoV-2 antibody test, post-epidemiological tourism. |
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Abstract: This study focuses on notable miscellaneous hindrances to an effective response to cable theft in Durban railway stations of South Africa. From a qualitative standpoint; data was collected from Eight (8) purposively selected individuals to solicit their respective perceptions and experiences on this subject. This involved the Passenger Rail Agency of South Africa (PRASA) ‘Security Personnels – Cable Theft Investigators and Cable Theft Railway Patrollers, all involved in combating cable theft in Durban railway stations. Inductive Thematic Analysis was used for data analysis. This study found that scrap metal dealers are the major key contributors to cable theft in the Durban railway stations; and also the value of copper cable on the market promotes the exponential rise of cable theft. It was also established that, there was no proper protection of the rail infrastructure, and cable thieves get lighter sentences. It was further stablished that cable theft is perpetuated by the shortage of indispensable resources and workforce or police visibility in the stations. For the recommendations: More attention must be paid to scrap metal dealers by offering strict rules on the issuing of trading licenses. Moreover, severe stiff sentences should be handed to pontetial offenders and better working relations should be established, with more resources geared to the PRASA security department. Keywords: Cable Theft, Durban railway stations, Effective response(s), Miscellaneous hindrances, South Africa. |
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Abstract: The continual state of insecurity in Nigeria for several decades can be traced to a number of factors, including ethnic militias and religious fundamentalism. This article examines the extent to which such retrogressive phenomena are caused or fuelled by the proliferation of small arms in Nigeria. It examines the legal regime on small arms, non-legal but relevant societal issues and police powers as they concern the control of small arms proliferation in Nigeria. It argues that the extant legal regime is not robust enough to support any sustainable progress in this area. Also, it concludes that apart from a critical police overhaul and necessary municipal legislative action as influenced by international legal developments, practical policies and economic empowerment must be in place with a view to attaining sustainable development in the area of small arms control. Keywords: Small arms, violent crimes, religious fundamentalism, ethnic militias, police powers, proliferation, economic empowerment, Firearms Act, Firearms Regulations, lethality.Download Full Article |
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Abstract: The cycle of violence invading our nation’s schools has necessitated the training of law enforcement agencies. A breakdown in communications could mean an incident spirals out of control and results in catastrophic unnecessary loss of lives. Active communication can be accomplished between officers and their superiors, so that decisions are made in a manner that best pursues a rapid end to the threat posed by the perpetrator, and a rapid extraction of the injured. Authors have developed an effective nine-step response model for law enforcement agencies after examination of the real-time cases, infamous school-shooting incidents, in the United States. Keywords: School shooting, communication, police response, model approach.Download Full Article |
